Prevalence of Dyslipidemia in HIV-Positive Women with HPV Coinfection: A Preliminary Study.

Mônika Machado De Carvalho,Karina Donato Fook,Alessandra Costa De Sales Muniz,Ilka Kassandra Pereira Belfort,Marcelo De Souza Andrade,Sally Cristina Moutinho Monteiro,Carla Déa Trindade Barbosa ,Déborah Rocha De Araújo ,Ana Cléa Cutrim Diniz De Morais ,Maria Fernanda Bezerra Lima Bertolaccini ,Sulayne Janayna Araújo Guimarães ,Maria José Abigail Mendes Araújo ,Camila Penha Abreu Souza

doi:10.1155/2021/4318423

Abstract

Objective The present study aimed to evaluate the lipid profile and atherogenic indexes in HIV-positive women with and without coinfection with human papillomavirus. Methods Preliminary study was conducted with HIV-positive women. Laboratory tests (lipid profile, glycid profile, and atherogenic indexes) and detection of human papillomavirus (nested PCR technique using PGMY 09 and 11 primers, GP+5, and GP+6) were performed. For the analysis of the results, the data were categorized into two groups: with coinfection (HIV+/HPV+) and without coinfection (HIV+/HPV–). Results Eighty-two HIV-positive women, aged between 35 and 49 years, participated in this study among whom 50% had HPV coinfection (HIV+/HPV+). Regarding comorbidities, there was a predominance of dyslipidemia (46.3%). The analysis of laboratory determinations and atherogenic indexes showed statistical relevance in the serum concentrations of total cholesterol (p=0.04), LDL cholesterol (p=0.03), and non-HDL cholesterol (p=0.04), as well as for the Castelli I index, Castelli II index, and atherogenic coefficient (p=0.04, 0.04, and 0.03, respectively). Conclusion The present study demonstrated a correlation between the lipid profile and atherogenic indexes with HIV/HPV coinfection, demonstrating a possible synergy between these viruses. However, further studies in this area must be carried out.

Highlights

Monika Machado de Carvalho,1 Karina Donato Fook,1 Maria Jose Abigail Mendes Araujo,2 Sulayne Janayna Araujo Guimarães,2 Camila Penha Abreu Souza,2 Carla Dea Trindade Barbosa,1 Ana Clea Cutrim Diniz de Morais,1 Alessandra Costa de Sales Muniz,1 Deborah Rocha de Araujo,2 Maria Fernanda Bezerra Lima Bertolaccini,1 Ilka Kassandra Pereira Belfort,3 Marcelo de Souza Andrade,4 and Sally Cristina Moutinho Monteiro 4
Erefore, coinfection between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HPV viruses are linked, in addition to immunosuppression caused by HIV, with chronic systemic inflammation, which plays an important role in the development of cancer, atheroma plaque, and cardiovascular disease. In this context, knowing that it is of paramount importance to understand the biological interactions between HIV and HPV, the present study aimed to evaluate the lipid profile and atherogenic indexes in HIV-positive women with coinfection with human papillomavirus
Discussion e longevity of people with HIV has led to an increase in non-communicable chronic comorbidities (NCCs), including cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes and other metabolic conditions, renal disease, liver disease, cancers, and mental illness [4, 6]

Summary

Introduction

Monika Machado de Carvalho, Karina Donato Fook, Maria Jose Abigail Mendes Araujo, Sulayne Janayna Araujo Guimarães, Camila Penha Abreu Souza ,2 Carla Dea Trindade Barbosa, Ana Clea Cutrim Diniz de Morais, Alessandra Costa de Sales Muniz, Deborah Rocha de Araujo, Maria Fernanda Bezerra Lima Bertolaccini, Ilka Kassandra Pereira Belfort ,3 Marcelo de Souza Andrade, and Sally Cristina Moutinho Monteiro 4. E present study aimed to evaluate the lipid profile and atherogenic indexes in HIV-positive women with and without coinfection with human papillomavirus. E present study demonstrated a correlation between the lipid profile and atherogenic indexes with HIV/HPV coinfection, demonstrating a possible synergy between these viruses. Before the introduction of HAART, there were reports of hypertriglyceridemia; after its use, new changes in lipid metabolism started to be observed, and its etiology is not completely elucidated, dyslipidemia in people living with HIV is highly prevalent [4, 7]. Adipose tissue dysfunctions, such as increased number of adipocytes and less vascularization, are common in these people [8, 9] In this context, HIV seropositive individuals have a higher risk of developing atherosclerosis when compared to seronegative individuals and, a higher cardiovascular risk. HIV seropositive individuals have a higher risk of developing atherosclerosis when compared to seronegative individuals and, a higher cardiovascular risk. is phenomenon has been attributed to HAART, immunodeficiency, and the inflammatory process associated with the virus [4, 6, 10]

Methods

Results

Conclusion