Abstract
BackgroundThe prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) using available estimating equations with the Republic of Ireland is unknown.MethodsA randomly selected population based cross-sectional study of 1,098 adults aged 45 years and older was conducted using data from the 2007 Survey of Lifestyle, Attitudes and Nutrition (SLÁN). Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) was calculated from a single IDMS aligned serum creatinine using the CKD-EPI and the MDRD equations, and albumin to creatinine ratio was based on a single random urine sample.ResultsThe sample clinical characteristics and demography was similar to middle and older age adults in the general Irish population, though with an underrepresentation of subjects >75 years and of males. All results are based on subjects with available blood and urine samples. Applying weighting to obtain survey based population estimates, using Irish population census data, the estimated weighted prevalence of CKD-EPI eGFR<60 mL/min/1.73m2 was 11.6%, (95% confidence interval; 9.0, 14.2%), 12.0% ( 9.0, 14.2%) of men and 11.2% (7.3, 15.2%) of women. Unweighted prevalence estimates were similar at 11.8% (9.9, 13.8%). Albuminuria increased with lower CKD-EPI eGFR category. 10.1% of all subjects had albuminuria and an eGFR≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 giving an overall weighted estimated prevalence of National Kidney Foundation (NKF) defined CKD 21.3% (18.0, 24.6%), with the unadjusted estimate of 21.9% (19.5, 24.4%). MDRD related estimates for eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, and NFK defined CKD were higher than CKD-EPI and differences were greater in younger and female subjects.ConclusionsCKD is highly prevalent in middle and older aged adults within the Republic of Ireland. In this population, there is poor agreement between CKD-EPI and MDRD equations especially at higher GFRs. CKD is associated with lower educational status and poor self rated health.
Highlights
The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) using available estimating equations with the Republic of Ireland is unknown
The symptoms associated with CKD are vague and are often attributed to age-related frailty; as a result CKD often remains undiagnosed until the condition is advanced
The age distribution of the study population, both overall and for the laboratory sample, is similar to 2006 Republic of Ireland National census data [19], subjects over 75 years were underrepresented in the sample, (7.5% compared to 14.7%, national census data) and women were overrepresented (55.1% compared to 51.8%, national census data)
Summary
The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) using available estimating equations with the Republic of Ireland is unknown. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common condition that irrespective of aetiology results in a wide range of complications including hypertension, hyperparathyroidism, anaemia, vascular calcification and accelerated cardiovascular disease [1,2]. Timed urine collections suffer from inaccuracy especially in community dwelling ambulatory subjects and isolated serum creatinine levels are difficult to interpret, due to the influence of body habitus and age related reduction in muscle mass. This has resulted in GFR estimating equations entering widespread clinical use. The best validated and widely used estimation equation has been the Modification of Diet in
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