Prevalence of different types of interproximal contacts in the permanent dentition – a study cast evaluation

Abstract

Background A new classification called OXIS was proposed for categorizing the interproximal contacts of primary molars, modified for the primary canines and its prevalence was established. No such information is available for the permanent dentition. Hence, the aim was to establish the variations in interproximal contacts of the permanent dentition and thereby modify the OXIS classification of primary molars and primary canines to the permanent dentition. Methods We propose a study-cast-based classification of interproximal contacts of the permanent dentition. Three hundred and forty-three pretreatment casts of patients based on an inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. Contacts of posterior teeth were classified based on OXIS classification of interproximal contacts, and its modification was used for anterior teeth. Results Among the posterior contacts, the ‘O’ type of contact was least prevalent, while most prevalent was the ‘S’ type for second molar-first molar contact, ‘I’ type for the first molar-second premolar contact, and ‘X’ type for the second premolar-first premolar contact. Among the anterior contacts, least prevalent was ‘S1’ type for the first premolar-canine contact, and I type for the canine-lateral incisor and the lateral incisor-central incisor contacts. There was no statistical significance between right- and left-side contacts (P > 0.05) while significance was seen between maxillary and mandibular contacts (P < 0.05). Similarity of contacts ranged from 5.17% to 10.05%. Conclusion The OXIS classification is applicable to posterior permanent teeth, and its modification is representative of anterior permanent teeth.