Abstract
Systematic search of bibliographic databases was conducted to describe the prevalence of dietary supplement use in cardiac patients. Included for review were studies that investigated supplement use in people with cardiovascular risk factors or proven cardiovascular disease. Databases searched were Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, AMED, Meditext, H&S and IPA. Over five hundred articles were retrieved and twenty studies met the criteria for this review. Dietary supplements were taken by a median 36% (interquartile range: 26–42%) of cardiac patients; 36% (IQR 18–43%) reported taking a vitamin/mineral supplement and 12% (IQR 7–21%) used herbal supplements. Many users indicated that supplements were taken specifically for heart health and 16–64% of users reported using supplements alongside prescription medications. However 39–95% of treating physicians were unaware of patients' supplement use. Dietary supplement use in patients with cardiovascular disease appears common, as does the concurrent use of supplements with prescription medicines. This information is often not communicated to doctors and treating physicians may need to be more proactive in asking about supplement use.
Highlights
A dietary supplement is defined as “any product intended for ingestion as a supplement to the diet” [1]
Dietary supplements can interfere with the biotherapeutic action of prescription medications, and this is of particular concern in cardiac patients, many of whom are on long-term medications and are at increased risk of acute life-threatening events
Chronic conditions such as arthritis, cancer, depression, and anxiety have been consistently associated with complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use [3], so it is probable that patients with chronic cardiovascular disease are likely to use CAM
Summary
A dietary supplement is defined as “any product intended for ingestion as a supplement to the diet” [1]. Dietary supplements can interfere with the biotherapeutic action of prescription medications, and this is of particular concern in cardiac patients, many of whom are on long-term medications and are at increased risk of acute life-threatening events. Chronic conditions such as arthritis, cancer, depression, and anxiety have been consistently associated with CAM use [3], so it is probable that patients with chronic cardiovascular disease are likely to use CAM. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to find the prevalence of dietary supplement use by cardiac patients and to identify commonly used supplements
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