Abstract
Aim Diabetes in children is becoming more prevalent in some countries. However, in most countries, little is known about the epidemiology of this disease. This study is aimed at estimating the prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes and prediabetes among children in Vietnam and examining factors associated with the conditions. Methods A total of 2880 students aged 11-14 years old were recruited for the survey, using a school-based and nationally representative sampling frame. Capillary blood samples of participants were collected to measure fasting glucose level, using glucose meter OneTouch Verio Pro+. Diabetes and impaired fasting plasma glucose were initially diagnosed based on the cut-off points of the American Diabetes Association criteria. Diabetes status and type of diabetes of participants were confirmed at a hospital. Additionally, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were conducted following a standardized procedure. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association between outcome and independent variables. Results The overall prevalence of diabetes among the participants was 1.04‰ (three cases), with 2 cases (0.75‰) diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (one known and one newly diagnosed) and 1 case newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (0.35‰). The prevalence of impaired fasting glucose was 6.1%. Body mass index, place of residence, and age were found to be significantly associated with the impaired fasting glucose condition in participants. Conclusion The prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in children in Vietnam is lower than that in some other countries reported recently. However, there is a high prevalence in impaired fasting glucose, requiring attention from policymakers to take action to prevent the occurrence of the epidemic of type 2 diabetes in children in the future.
Highlights
The epidemic of diabetes is one of the major concerns for public health globally, and it is projected that 700 million adults aged 20-79 (10.9% of the population) will have diabetes by 2045 [1]
Children who were studying at secondary school of the selected clusters were recruited for the study
Nearly three out of five participants were living in rural areas, compared to two out of five in urban areas
Summary
The epidemic of diabetes is one of the major concerns for public health globally, and it is projected that 700 million adults aged 20-79 (10.9% of the population) will have diabetes by 2045 [1]. Highly prevalent in adults, T2D has been increasing in youth [2]. In the USA, the incidence rates of T2D increased by 7.1% annually among youth aged 10-19, from 9.0 cases per 100,000 per year in 2002–2003 to 12.5 cases per 100,000 per year in 2011–2012 [3]. In some countries in Asia, such as Japan, the incidence rate of T2D among children aged 13-15 doubled from 7.3 per 100,000 between 1976 and 1980 to 13.9 per 100,000 in 1991-1995, and new T2D cases have dominated type 1 diabetes [4]. In Taiwan from 1992 to 1999, the incidence of newly diagnosed T2D among children aged 6-18 was 6.5 cases per 100,000, compared to 1.5 cases per 100,000 for type 1 [5]. An increasing trend is observed in some countries, population-based data about T2D in children are sparse and absent in most countries
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