Prevalence of Depression in Retirees: A Meta-Analysis.

Manuel Pabón-Carrasco,José L Gómez-Urquiza,Raúl López Sánchez,Lucia Ramirez-Baena,Nora Suleiman-Martos,Isabel Rodríguez-Gallego

doi:10.3390/healthcare8030321

Manuel Pabón-Carrasco, José L Gómez-Urquiza + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8030321

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Abstract

Background: Retirement is a final life stage characterized by the ceasing of work and the loss of a routine, social relations, role, status, accomplishments, and aspirations, etc. Many times it is accompanied by negative feelings and can provoke different psychoemotional reactions such as depression, among others. The aim of this study is to analyze the prevalence of depression, as well as its psychoeducational approach in retirees. Methods: A paired systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted in different databases—Medline, Scopus, CUIDEN, CINAHL, LILACS and PsycINFO. Original studies were included in English, Spanish and French that were published in the last 10 years, and which approached depression in retirees. Results: A total of 11 articles were selected after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. The mean value of the prevalence levels of depression in retirees obtained in the meta-analysis was 28%. Depression is more frequent in retirees, with mandatory retirement, retirement due to illness, and anticipated retirement presenting higher levels of this disease. The health role in the psychoeducational approach is highlighted in 41.6% (n = 5). Conclusions: With almost one-third of retirees suffering from depression, it is necessary to implement prevention and early detection measures to approach a public health problem.

Highlights

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), depression is a mental disorder that manifests itself through sadness, extreme apathy, anhedonia, feelings of guilt, low self-esteem, sleep disorders, appetite, lack of concentration, and sensation of tiredness [1].The WHO estimates that depression affects more than 300 million people in the world [2]
The inclusion criteria for the selection of studies were: original studies in English, Spanish and French; time restriction to the last 10 years; a theme related to retirement and depression diagnosed by healthcare professionals with the prevalence confirmed by a validated scale, including all the modalities of retirement with no age limit in retirement
After analyzing the 11 articles included in this systematic review, and answering to the two-fold objective of this paper, the results reveal a 28% prevalence of depression in retirees, which shows that almost one-third of this collective population have this condition

Summary

Introduction

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), depression is a mental disorder that manifests itself through sadness, extreme apathy, anhedonia, feelings of guilt, low self-esteem, sleep disorders, appetite, lack of concentration, and sensation of tiredness [1].The WHO estimates that depression affects more than 300 million people in the world [2]. Retirement is a transition which occurs in the last stage of life and is characterized by the ceasing of work and, with that, the loss of a routine, social relations, role, status, accomplishments, and aspirations, etc. Retirement is a final life stage characterized by the ceasing of work and the loss of a routine, social relations, role, status, accomplishments, and aspirations, etc. Many times it is accompanied by negative feelings and can provoke different psychoemotional reactions such as depression, among others.

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