Prevalence of Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya Virus Infections among Mosquitoes in Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Abstract

Dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) continue to pose significant public health risks. This study aims to assess the prevalence of these arbovirus infections in field-caught mosquitoes across Asia. Studies published after the year 2000 on DENV, ZIKV, and/or CHIKV infections in Asian mosquitoes were identified from Embase, Scopus, PubMed, and Ovid. A random-effects model estimated the pooled prevalence, defined as the overall prevalence from included studies, adjusted for variability among the studies. Meta-regression models were used to evaluate the association between predictors and their prevalence. A total of 2,529 articles were retrieved; 57 met the inclusion criteria. Pooled prevalence of DENV, ZIKV, and CHIKV infections in Asian mosquitoes were 5.85%, 2.15%, and 1.26%, respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed varying DENV prevalence across regions: East Asia (3.32%), South Asia (5.26%), and Southeast Asia (6.92%). Univariate regression analysis demonstrated significant associations between mosquito capture site and DENV prevalence (p<0.001), and between study region and ZIKV prevalence (p=0.005). However, no significant predictors were identified for CHIKV prevalence. Our findings provide reference pooled summary estimates of arbovirus infections in mosquitoes, offering crucial insight into the regional disease burden and guiding the development and implementation of arbovirus surveillance in mosquitoes.