Prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection and related risk factors in children in Awo and Iragberi, Nigeria

Abstract

ABSTRACTCryptosporidiosis is an important major cause of enteric parasitic infection among infants and children in developing countries with morbidity and mortality especially among immune- deficient individuals. Poor performance of traditional diagnostic procedures in many laboratories can resulted in misdiagnosis and mistreatment, thereby probably promotes drug resistance. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of enteric Cryptosporidiosis in children attending primary health centers in Egbedore local government area of Osun State, Nigeria between July–December 2014. Informed consent questionnaires were administered to collect demographic data and a total of 180 stool samples were collected to detect Cryptosporidium oocyst and antigen using Modified Ziehl Neelsen (MZN) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods, respectively. Prevalence of 38.3% (72/188) and 46.8% (88/188) was obtained by MZN and ELISA, respectively. The prevalence was higher in children between 1–2.5 years and lower in children above 2.5 years. There was significant association between diarrhea and prevalence rate (P = 0.006; P < 0.05) for ELISA and ZN, respectively. The present results show that cryptosporidiosis poses a public health challenge in children found in Egbedore. This study also warrants intensified effort towards awareness of the disease and proper diagnosis is needed most especially among immunocompromised individuals.