Abstract
Objective:Toevaluate the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) with its associated risk factors among Saudi population in Aljouf, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a retrospective hospital based study conducted at King Abdul Aziz specialized hospital Sakaka Aljouf, Saudi Arabia by selecting participants with diagnosed CAD by coronary angiogram, the meanage 55.1 ± 10.8 yrs ( range 35-75-years)over a period ofJanuary 2019to December 2019. Demographic characteristics included age, sex,diabetes, hypertension, smoking and family history of CAD. Laboratory data included such as total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL levels. Collected data were analyzed by using SPSS 20.00software. Results: One hundred two participants, out of eight hundred fifty five were diagnosed CADwhich included 64.7% stable angina and 35.2% unstable angina. The total prevalence of CAD obtained from this study was11.9% among male and female was7.89% and 4.621% respectively (P<0.0001). Diabetes (85.7%) and dyslipidemia 94.2%weremost important risk factors in female compared to male 59.1% and 62.2% respectively, while hypertension 82% higher in male than female 51.4 % considers as a significant (p<0.001). Smoking considered as an individual risk factor of 94% for male coronary artery disease patients. Conclusion:The prevalence of CAD was higher in male 7.89 % than female 4.21% and its associated risk factors including hypertension and cigarette smoking. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21(1) 2022 Page : 201-205
Highlights
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most important cause of death across the world, on an average every 37 seconds someone in the USA died due to CVD, coronary artery disease (CAD) is the major public health issue in developed countries, and recently CAD incidence rate significantly increasing in developing countries.[1]In the United States of America (USA), CAD is the most important cause of death in adults approximately over the age of 35-years.[2]
In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), the data on prevalence of CAD is insufficient, while some region was published about CAD depend only on hospital based.4Conversely the food habits of Saudi population have rich in animal protein and fats which were linked with increased CAD incidence.[5]
In urban people, age, male gender, body mass index, smoking, elevated total cholesterols and triglyceride levels, hypertension, dysglycemia were significantly linked with coronary artery disease.7-9Moreover,it has been recognized that in Saudi Arabia, in total diabetes mellitus (DM) was 23.7%, whereas, male 26.2% and female 21.5%, and DM has a strong association with CAD among the Saudi population.10-11Additionally, among the hypertensive Saudi population there was evidence that 34% had suffered with diabetes mellitus which was directly associated with increased CAD prevalence
Summary
In the United States of America (USA), CAD is the most important cause of death in adults approximately over the age of 35-years.[2] While, there were many studies in Asians countries and recognized that have the highest prevalence of CAD in the world.2In India the prevalence of coronary artery disease gradually increased 1%-6% from 1960 to 1995 in both urban and in rural areas and it has almost doubled compared to previous data. There was evidence that the majority of the patients admitted in cardiac hospital due to attack coronary artery disease.[14]
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