Prevalence of Complementary and Alternate Medicine Use among People with Diabetes in Kerala, India

Abstract

Abstract Introduction: The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among individuals with diabetes has seen a significant surge. Estimates show that 80% of people in developing countries still prefer CAM for the treatment of health conditions. CAM encompasses various medical practices outside mainstream medicine and is increasingly employed for the reasons such as enhancing control over treatment, adopting a holistic health approach, and managing conditions alongside conventional medicine. CAM is widely embraced, due to cultural factors and perceived benefits, driving its popularity. Despite varying opinions on the impact of CAM on glycemic control, its substantial use prompts the need for a focused study. Objective: The present study explores the utilization of CAM in people with diabetes and examines potential associations with various factors that could influence CAM use. Methods: Between October 2022 and June 2023, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 335 people with type 2 diabetes at our center using a validated structured questionnaire to explore their utilization of CAM. Results: Among the study participants, 40.7% used CAM to treat diabetes. Among them, 40.6% of subjects used CAM as complementary to modern medicine and 59.4% used CAM as an alternative to modern medicine. 65.2% of people used Ayurveda, followed by homeopathic medicines (16.3%), yoga (5.2%), naturopathy (3%), massage therapy (1.5%), and ladoo therapy (0.7%). Some of the participants had used multiple types of CAM for their diabetes treatment. 1.5% of participants used homeopathy and Ayurveda decoction. 0.7% of CAM users used Ayurveda + naturopathy, a combination of Ayurveda + Unani, and the combination of Ayurveda + protein supplements. Other therapies (traditional medicine) were found to be used by 1.5% of CAM users. Among the CAM users, 73.5% chose CAM for the treatment of diabetes, while for 14.4%, it was recommended by family and friends. It was found that 83.7% of subjects discontinued CAM use, while a minuscule share of 16.3% continued with CAM. Among those discontinued, 43.4% did not find CAM to be effective, whereas 44.3% had other reasons for discontinuing CAM. Conclusion: These findings highlight the need for increased awareness and education regarding CAM use and its potential hazards. Health-care providers should consider discussing CAM use with their patients and encourage them to report its use to ensure comprehensive and safe medical care. Proper CAM practice and management are important for people with diabetes.