Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment and its Associated Risk Factors among Subjects with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Attending Referral Hospitals in Katsina State

Abstract

Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is known to increase the risk of cognitive impairment (CI). There is a dearth of research addressing the growing concern of CI among individuals with T2DM in Nigeria, specifically in Katsina State. The present study determined the prevalence of CI and its associated risk factors among T2DM in Katsina State. This cross-sectional study employed a systematic random sampling technique to select and recruit 193 and 167 confirmed T2DM subjects with CI and normal cognition, respectively, who met the study inclusion criteria. A mini-mental state examination questionnaire was used to determine CI. The data collected include socio-demographics, medical, nutritional, and adiposity characteristics. The prevalence of CI in T2DM was 53.6%. Binary logistic regression revealed that age ≥ 60 years (AOR 1.08), female gender (AOR 1.03), non-formal education (AOR 1.23), cigarette smoking (AOR 4.55), duration of T2DM >10 years (AOR 3.73), hypertension (AOR 1.22), abnormal glycaemic control (AOR 2.23), abnormal body mass index (AOR 1.12), abnormal body adiposity index (AOR 0.12), abnormal waist-to-hips ratio (AOR 1.48), and abnormal waist-to-height ratio (AOR 3.91) were significantly associated with increased risk of CI among T2DM patients. The study concludes that CI among T2DM patients is significantly associated with older age, female gender, non-formal education, smoking, longer T2DM duration, hypertension, poor glycaemic control, and various abnormal adiposity indices, highlighting the need for targeted interventions in these high-risk groups.