Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is one of the major health challenges in India. Cuttack district of the Odisha state of India is regarded as a hotspot for chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, there is limited information on true prevalence. This study estimates the prevalence of CKD in the Narsinghpur block of Cuttack district, Odisha. A cross-sectional study was conducted among population members aged 20–60 years. Using a multi-stage cluster sampling. 24 villages were randomly selected for mass screening for CKD. Blood samples were collected and glomerulus filtration rates were calculated. It was found that among the 2978 people screened, 14.3% were diagnosed with CKD and 10.8% were diagnosed with CKD without either diabetes or hypertension. In one-third of the sampled villages, about 20% population was diagnosed with CKD. The prevalence was higher among males (57%), in the population below 50 years of age (54%), lower socioeconomic groups (70%), and agricultural occupational groups (48%). Groundwater tube wells (49%) and wells (41%) were the main drinking water sources for CKD patients. This study highlights the need for detection of unknown etiologies of CKD and public health interventions for the prevention of CKD in India.
Highlights
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as kidney damage with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR)< 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for three months or more, irrespective of the cause
There is a lack of kidney registries in many developing countries and it is a challenge to estimate the true prevalence of CKD in these countries [8,9,10]
1155 were unwilling to participate in this study and a total 2978 individuals participated in this study
Summary
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as kidney damage with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR)< 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for three months or more, irrespective of the cause. Kidney damage in many kidney diseases can be ascertained by the presence of albuminuria, defined as an albumin–creatinine ratio >30 mg/g in two of three spot urine specimens [1]. It affects the kidney structure, reduces the glomerular filtration rate, and increases albumin excretion in urine [1,2]. It is one of the rising public health issues worldwide [3,4,5]. The majority of patients died because of the unaffordability of high cost treatments [5,11,12]
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