Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Chinese hospitalized adult patients:investigation of 13 383 cases

Abstract

To retrospectively investigate the prevalence and distribution of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in hospitalized Chinese adult patients. The medical histories of 13,383 adult patients hospitalized in Zhongda Hospital from September 2004 to August 2005, 6215 males and 7168 female, aged (51 +/- 19) (18 - 103), were reviewed. The blood pressure, serum creatinine, proteinuria were investigated. CKD was defined and classified according to the NKF/DOQI guideline. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated by using the simplified modification of diet in renal disease study (MDRD) equation. eGFR = 186.3 x serum creatinine(-1.154) x age(-0.203) x (0.742 for women) ml.min(-1).(1.7 3 m2)(-1). The prevalence rate of CKD was 14.82% in this group, and the prevalence rates of CKD of stage 1 to 5 were 3.33%, 2.49%, 7.07%, 1.08%, and 0.86% respectively. 53.07% of the CKD patients were elderly patients (age > 65) with a CKD prevalence rate of 29.47%, significantly higher than that of the middle-aged and young patients (9.49%, P < 0.01). The eGFR levels of 9.01% of the hospitalized patients were below 60 ml.min(-1).(1.73 m2)(-1). The prevalence rate of proteinuria was 8.87%. 39.06% of the patients at stages 1 - 3 failed to be diagnosed as with CKD during their hospitalization. The most common causes of CKD were hypertension (29.49%), diabetes (11.64%), and primary glomerulonephritis (4.39%). Hypertension, diabetes and being elderly were main risk factors for CKD. CKD is a very common disease among the hospitalized patients in China. With the increasing number of aging populations, elderly people will be the highest risk group for CKD. More strategies have to be made for its early detection and prevention.