Abstract
BackgroundThe prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and metabolic diseases has increased at different rates in different regions in China. The aim of our study was to estimate the prevalence of CKD and to analyze associated risk factors of CKD in Zhejiang province, Eastern China.MethodsA cross-sectional survey of 11,013 adults was conducted from September 2009 to June 2012 in Zhejiang Province, located in Eastern China. CKD was defined as having an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or the presence of albuminuria. Medical history, physical examination and laboratory data were used to diagnose metabolic diseases. Age- and sex-standardized prevalence was calculated using the data on the population distribution in China in 2010. We examined risk factors associated with decreased renal function and albuminuria using multivariate logistic regression.ResultsA total of 10,384 adults (94.3%) completed the screening. The standardized prevalence of reduced renal function (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) was 1.83% (95% CI 1.52–2.13) and that of albuminuria was 8.65% (95% CI 7.98–9.31). The overall prevalence of CKD was 9.88% (95% CI 9.18–10.59). The prevalence of reduced renal function was greater in the eastern rural areas in Zhejiang province. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that metabolic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and hyperuricemia were independent risk factors of CKD. Patients with metabolic diseases had a significantly (P < 0.001) higher prevalence of CKD than those without such diseases.ConclusionsCKD has become a severe public health problem in Zhejiang Province, and metabolic diseases may increase the risk of CKD in Zhejiang population.
Highlights
The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and metabolic diseases has increased at different rates in different regions in China
We examined risk factors associated with decreased renal function and albuminuria using multivariate logistic regression, and the results were expressed as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs
Metabolic characteristics such as Fasting blood glucose (FBS), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), uric acid (UA) and BMI were significantly higher in the CKD group than those in the non-CKD group, all P values < 0.001 (Table 1)
Summary
The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and metabolic diseases has increased at different rates in different regions in China. The aim of our study was to estimate the prevalence of CKD and to analyze associated risk factors of CKD in Zhejiang province, Eastern China. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and metabolic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, hyperuricemia, hyperlipidemia and hypertension has increased and has become leading public health problem [1,2]. China is a developing country with more than 30 provinces, Metabolic diseases such as diabetes, obesity and hypertension are known to be risk factors of kidney injury, and play an important role in the progression of CKD [4,5,6]. Hypertension and diabetes have been the leading causes of CKD in the developed countries. Obesity conferred a high susceptibility to CKD in Norway with a relative risk of 1.77 [10]
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