Abstract
BackgroundThis study was designed to assess the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and associated risk factors among the Chinese population in Taian, China.MethodsA primary care-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Taian, China, from September to December 2012. Participants selected by a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling procedure were interviewed and tested for hematuria, albuminuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and other clinical indices. Factors associated with CKD were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 14,399 subjects were enrolled in this study. The rates of hematuria, albuminuria and reduced eGFR were 4.20%, 5.25% and 1.89%, respectively. Approximately 9.49% (95% CI: 8.93%–10.85%) of the participants had at least one indicator of CKD, with an awareness of 1.4%. Univariate analyses showed that greater age, body mass index, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure; higher levels of serum creatinine, uric acid, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; and lower eGFR were associated with CKD (p < 0.05 each). Multivariate analysis showed that age, female gender, educational level, smoking habits, systolic blood pressure, and history of diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia and hyperuricemia were independent risk factors for CKD.ConclusionsThe prevalence of CKD in the primary care population of Taian, China, is high, although awareness is quite low. Health education and policies to prevent CKD are urgently needed among this population.
Highlights
This study was designed to assess the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and associated risk factors among the Chinese population in Taian, China
Body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), serum creatinine (Scr), uric acid (UA), fasting blood glucose (FBG), TG, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were significantly higher in males (p < 0.05 each), whereas high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly higher in female (p < 0.05 each)
The prevalence of CKD was similar in males and females, while the rates of albuminuria and reduced eGFR were significantly higher in males (p < 0.01 each) and the rate of hematuria was significantly higher in females (p = 0.002)
Summary
This study was designed to assess the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and associated risk factors among the Chinese population in Taian, China. Many factors are associated with the prevalence of CKD including gender, occupation, education, marital status, diabetes, hypertension, hyperuricemia, history of kidney stones, and the use of traditional medicines [16,17]. To better prevent and control this disease, several studies in China have investigated the characteristics and potential risk factors of CKD [18,19,20]. Little is known about the epidemiology of CKD in Taian, China. This study was designed to evaluate the epidemiology of CKD among a primary care population in Taian, China, from September to December 2012
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