Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections in a screening program for under‐30‐year‐old pregnant women with a high participation rate in northern Spain (2016–2020)

Abstract

AbstractObjectiveTo assess a screening program for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in under‐30‐year‐old pregnant women, focusing on Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Mycoplasma genitalium infections, which though often asymptomatic, may significantly affect women's health and can be vertically transmitted.DesignProspective, descriptive, observational study.SettingGipuzkoa (Basque Country, Spain).PopulationUnder‐30‐year‐old pregnant women.MethodsBetween 2016 and 2020, cervical samples were taken at first prenatal appointments from 3051 women. STIs were detected by multiplex nucleic acid amplification.Main Outcome MeasuresPrevalence of infections by age and geographical origin groups, and screening coverage.ResultsThe coverage rate was 86% between 2017 and 2020. At least one STI was detected in 5.2% of the under‐30‐year‐olds screened (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.5%, 6.1%): C. trachomatis in 4%, M. genitalium in 1.3% and N. gonorrhoeae in 0.1%. C. trachomatis and M. genitalium prevalence rates were higher among younger women (7.2% and 2.8%, respectively in under‐25‐year‐olds), while C. trachomatis prevalence in 25‐ to 30‐year‐olds was 2.5%. C. trachomatis was more common among Latin American women (9.7% [95% CI: 7.4%, 12.3%] vs. 2.5% [95% CI: 2.0%, 3.2%] in other women). Additionally, analysing samples from 708 pregnant over‐30‐year‐old women with STI risk factors, 1.6% had at least one of the STIs studied. Notably, 20% of all cases had STI‐related symptoms or complications during pregnancy.ConclusionsThe high coverage achieved, and prevalence, clinical and epidemiological results support the view that the implementation of a screening program across Spain for C. trachomatis in under‐30‐year‐old pregnant women would be both feasible and appropriate.Tweetable abstractHigh Chlamydia trachomatis infection prevalence (4%) and coverage (>80%) in local program support pregnancy screening across Spain.