Abstract
Aim:The objective of this study was to examine the carrier status of theileriosis among apparently healthy cross-bred jersey cattle population of Odisha using conventional blood smear examination and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Materials and Methods:A total of 34 apparently healthy cross-bred Jersey lactating cows were considered in this study. Blood samples were subjected to microscopic examination after staining with Giemsa stain and PCR based molecular diagnosis using two sets of primer, i.e., N516/N517 and TorF1/TorF2 specific for Theileria annulata and Theileria orientalis, respectively.Results:Examination of blood samples revealed presence of theileria parasites to a magnitude of 20.59% for T. annulata, 8.82% for T. orientalis, and 2.94% for both.Conclusion:Molecular diagnosis was found to be much more sensitive than conventional method for diagnosis of theileriosis. T. annulata was found to be the predominant species affecting the exotic cattle. T. orientalis was detected in apparently healthy cows.
Highlights
Hemoprotozoan diseases in general and theileriosis in particular are considered as a serious economic threat for dairy farmers due to its adverse effects in the form of mortality and low productivity in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world [1].Continuous change in climatic conditions in the past few decades resulting in high environmental temperature and humidity has favored tick multiplication and thereby a gradual surge in the incidence of tick-borne menace [2]
Under microscopic examination of blood smears positive for Theileria spp. infections, intraerythrocytic bodies appeared in the form of dot shape in T. annulata and slightly elongate in case of T. orientalis [11]
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reactions showing a product size of 721 bp by primers N516/N517 and a product size of 776 bp by primers TorF1/TorR1 were considered positive for T. annulata (Figure-1) and T. orientalis (Figure-2), respectively
Summary
Hemoprotozoan diseases in general and theileriosis in particular are considered as a serious economic threat for dairy farmers due to its adverse effects in the form of mortality and low productivity in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world [1]. Continuous change in climatic conditions in the past few decades resulting in high environmental temperature and humidity has favored tick multiplication and thereby a gradual surge in the incidence of tick-borne menace [2]. Increased population and introduction of the exotic/crossbred cattle population, especially in the endemic areas, has magnified susceptibility to theileriosis. Predisposing factors linked with stress such as high production, low nutrition, poor housing, unhygienic indoor condition, and development of drug resistance to acaricidal agents have further intensified the adverse impact of theileriosis.
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