Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) in Erbil city

Nishtiman Mohammed Saleh,College Of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq ,Yousif Baha`Addin Ahmed

doi:10.26505/djm.21015950308

Nishtiman Mohammed Saleh, College Of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.26505/djm.21015950308

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Journal: Diyala Journal of Medicine	Publication Date: Oct 25, 2021
License type: cc-by

Abstract

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a common endocrine disorder of women during reproductive age, associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Objective: To assess the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with the polycystic ovarian syndrome in comparison to age-matched control. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional studyis conducted in Erbil city fromSeptember 2020 to January 2021. It included 40 cases of polycystic ovarian syndrome and 40 cases of healthy controls. Participants underwent detailed history, physical examination. Laboratory investigations (blood sugar, lipid profile, serum testosterone and serum prolactin) and pelvic ultrasound were done for them. Data analysis was performed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Results: Women with the polycystic ovarian syndrome have a higher proportion to obesity, abnormal blood sugar, and dyslipidemia, they have higher rate of menstrual irregularity, hyperandrogenic state and hirsutism, than age-matched control. The risk for hypertension remains the same for both PCOS and the control group. Conclusion: The proportion of obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia is higher in Polycystic ovarian syndrome than the control group. Keywords: Polycystic ovarian syndrome, obesity, diabetes mellitus, heart disease

Highlights

There is no significant difference in age between Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the control group, they are matched, in order to assess their cardiovascular risk more clearly
The polycystic ovarian syndrome will have increased resistance to insulin, which may be increased by physical inactivity and high calories intake, which all leads to central obesity
This study shows no significant difference between PCOS and control group in risk of hypertension

Summary

Introduction

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common disorder in women of reproductive age, with a prevalence of 5–16% under different diagnostic criteria and across several ethnic groups, with exact pathogenesis still unclear [1].2021 Diyala Journal of MedicineOvarian dysfunction continues to be the main feature that makes this syndrome the major cause of anovulatory associated with infertility [2].It has different clinical presentations, which are: hirsutism and male pattern balding consistent with hyperandrogenism, Irregular or absent menstrual cycles, subfertility or infertility, psychological symptoms (anxiety, depression, psychosexual dysfunction, eating disorders), metabolic features (obesity, dyslipidemia, and diabetes)[3].General agreement exists among the community of endocrinologists and gynecologists that the diagnosis of PCOS should be based on the Rotterdam criteria, which include two of the following three features: oligo-/amenorrhea, hyperandrogenism (clinical or biochemical), and polycystic ovaries on ultrasound, after exclusion of other endocrinopathies[1].There is growing evidence that women withPCOS have increased risk for cardiovascular disease, as they have increased risk for dyslipidemia, T2DM, and obesity. Ovarian dysfunction continues to be the main feature that makes this syndrome the major cause of anovulatory associated with infertility [2] It has different clinical presentations, which are: hirsutism and male pattern balding consistent with hyperandrogenism, Irregular or absent menstrual cycles, subfertility or infertility, psychological symptoms (anxiety, depression, psychosexual dysfunction, eating disorders), metabolic features (obesity, dyslipidemia, and diabetes)[3]. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional studyis conducted in Erbil city fromSeptember 2020 to January 2021 It included 40 cases of polycystic ovarian syndrome and 40 cases of healthy controls. Results: Women with the polycystic ovarian syndrome have a higher proportion to obesity, abnormal blood sugar, and dyslipidemia, they have higher rate of menstrual irregularity, hyperandrogenic state and hirsutism, than age-matched control.

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