Abstract
A total of 250 samples including 100 samples from chicken meat, 75 samples human diarrhea, 75 samples from environment were collected from Aswan, Egypt. All samples were bacteriologically and biochemically examined for isolation, identification and differentiation of campylobacter spp., multiplex PCR detection of 23S rRNA, hipO, glyA gene for identification and differentiation of campylobacter spp. and detection of some pathogenic virulence genes include Iam, cdtB and cadF genes. Prevalence of campylobacter in chicken meat, human diarrhea and environmental samples by conventional methods were 32%, 14.7% and 13.3%, respectively. Prevalence of campylobacter in chicken meat, human diarrhea and environmental samples by mPCR were 6%, 5.33% and 4%, respectively. About 64.3%, 21.4% and 14.3 of examined samples were Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli and mixed culture, respectively. Most positive samples contain high prevalence of pathogenic virulence genes. Poultry meat and environment could be a dangerous source for pathogenic campylobacter for human. Most campylobacter isolates have a lot of pathogenic genes which increase the invasiveness and pathogenicity of Campylobacter.
Highlights
Campylobacter is the most common cause of gastroenteritis worldwide especially in children (Ruiz-Palacios, 2007, Kaakoush et al, 2015), C. jejuni infection frequently causes an acute enteritis with diarrhea, malaise, fever and abdominal pain, vomiting and/or bloody diarrhea specific for the more sever end of the disease spectrum and may affected by the host susceptibility and/or infective dose (Gillespie et al, 2006)
Genotyping with multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and relatedness study of large number samples of C. jejuni isolated from humans and broilers was carried out, all results of source attribution analysis confirmed the strong linkage between broiler C. jejuni and human cases (Griekspoor et al, 2015)
Prevalence rates in environmental samples were 44.4% in slaughter houses, 40% in restaurants kitchens while poultry meat shops, supermarkets, hospitals kitchens and tape water were free from campylobacter
Summary
Campylobacter is the most common cause of gastroenteritis worldwide especially in children (Ruiz-Palacios, 2007, Kaakoush et al, 2015), C. jejuni infection frequently causes an acute enteritis with diarrhea, malaise, fever and abdominal pain, vomiting and/or bloody diarrhea specific for the more sever end of the disease spectrum and may affected by the host susceptibility and/or infective dose (Gillespie et al, 2006). The majority of outbreaks of acute campylobacteriosis in human worldwide were associated with consumption of chicken and chicken meat products (Corry and Atabay, 2001, Friedman et al, 2004) contact with cattle, consumption of beef and milk were responsible for more than 90% of all sporadic human cases Other sources such as sheep, contact with wild birds, contaminated water and pet animals were contribute for human infection but in much lesser extent (Wilson et al, 2008). These virulence markers is the cadF gene, which Loopful (10 μl) was taken from each Bolton broth encodes a 37 KDa protein belonging to the group of enrichment culture after 48 hours and streaked on outer membrane proteins (OMPs) that functions as an Charcoal Cefoperazone Deoxycholate Modified Agar adhesion protein responsible for certain steps of invasion (Konkel et al, 1999) Another interesting region, designated an invasion-associated marker (iam), has been identified in some C. jejuni and C. coli strains (Carvalho et al, 2001). Using approximately half a loopful of culture transferred to 1 ml of brain heart infusion broth
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