Abstract
Aim:During the last decades, number of food poisoning cases due to Campylobacter occurred, immensely. After poultry, raw milk acts as a second main source of Campylobacter. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to detect the prevalence of Campylobacters in milk and milk products and to know the antibiotic sensitivity and virulence gene profile of Campylobacter spp. in Anand city, Gujarat, India.Material and Methods:A total of 240 samples (85 buffalo milk, 65 cow milk, 30 cheese, 30 ice-cream and 30 paneer) were collected from the different collection points in Anand city. The samples were processed by microbiological culture method, and presumptive isolates were further confirmed by genus and species-specific polymerase chain reaction using previously reported primer. The isolates were further subjected to antibiotic susceptibility assay and virulence gene detection.Result:Campylobacter species were detected in 7 (2.91%) raw milk samples whereas none of the milk product was positive. All the isolate identified were Campylobacter jejuni. Most of the isolates showed resistance against nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, and tetracyclin. All the isolates have three virulence genes cadF, cdtB and flgR whereas only one isolate was positive for iamA gene and 6 isolates were positive for fla gene.Conclusion:The presence of Campylobacter in raw milk indicates that raw milk consumption is hazardous for human being and proper pasteurization of milk and adaptation of hygienic condition will be necessary to protect the consumer from this zoonotic pathogen.
Highlights
An infection that occurs due to consumption of food of animal origin is an important public health problem in all over the world [1]
All the isolates were positive for hippurate hydrolysis, indoxyl acetate, H2S production, nitrate reduction and growth were further confirmed by genus-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by generating 816 bp of amplicon 16S rRNA sequence and species specific PCR by targeting 735 bp and 500 bp amplicon of hippurase and asperkinase gene for C. jejuni and C. coli, respectively
All the positive samples were obtained from raw milk (4.66%), none of the milk product sample was found positive for Campylobacter
Summary
An infection that occurs due to consumption of food of animal origin is an important public health problem in all over the world [1]. Animal products that are mainly used for human consumption are meat of different animal, milk and the products that are made from them. Milk and milk products are mainly used as a dietary source by Indians [2]. Raw milk acts as the main source for various pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium bovis, Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter, Brucella and Salmonella [3]. Campylobacters the leading cause of zoonotic infections in many countries and the public health burden due to Campylobacteriosis is increasing day to day [4]. Campylobacteriosis is usually a self-limited disease, and antimicrobial therapy is not generally indicated [5,6]
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