Abstract
Due to direct economic repercussions on livestock and indirect consequences for human health, knowing the prevalence rates of bovine tuberculosis is essential to define an effective control strategy. Our study was performed in 32 dairy cattle farms as we subjected 10800 dairy cattle to the Single Intradermal Comparative Tuberculin skin Test (SICTT). The skin test was interpreted according to guidelines of the World Organization for animal health (OIE). Twenty five farms (78%) have reactors to the SICTT. We also studied the relation between physiological variables with breeds, pregnancy, lactation, size of farms and the other risk factors explained in the study. Out of the 10800 tested animals, 228 (2.1%) were reactors to the skin test. The factors identified as possibly enhancing the risk of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) were herd size, age of animal, farming (housing) conditions. Other factors including breed and physiological status of the animal did not contribute to tuberculin sensitivity. The finding that large size and intensively (often poorly) managed herds were at greater risk of bovine tuberculosis and suggests that significance of bTB is increasing in Egypt parallel to an increase in the dairy operation. This surely indicates that if measures are not taken promptly, the impact of the economy and public health could be enormous. It was concluded that bTB continues to infect animals in Egypt but the prevalence was moderate, nevertheless the continued threat of economic loss in animal industry due to the persistence of bTB that should not be ignored.
Highlights
Mixed herd with multiple species dairy cattle with goats, sheep and other species managed under intensive management system play an important role in recirculation of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in cattle dairy farms and these results agree with (Tschopp et al 2011 and Napp et al .,2013) as shown in table (4)
History of bovine TB in Neighboring farms as risk factor was significantly associated with Bovine TB in cattle dairy farms, the presence of neighboring bTB infected farms considered one of the most important routes of bovine TB herd breakdowns
Contacts with other species as a risk factor was significantly associated with Bovine TB in cattle dairy farms
Summary
In Egypt, data on bTB epidemiology is still moderate and mostly unpublished, Bovine tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium bovis is a chronic granulomatous disease infect different species of animals specially cattle and infect human and it is endemic to many developing countries especially the African countries. In order to estimate the prevalence rates of bTB in Egypt in recent years in dairy farms we performed a survey covering a representative sample of cattle in dairy farms of different livestock areas within different districts. While the SITT is program for bTB surveillance and control in the standard diagnostic test used in Egypt for bovine developing countries, accurate data on bTB prevalence tuberculosis program, the SICTT is the confirmatory
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