Abstract
BackgroundBovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacteria, mainly Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), is a major threat to public health and economic development. There has been no systematic epidemiological assessment concerning bTB in dairy cattle in China.Methodology/principal findingsLiterature related to bTB in China was retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), PubMed, ScienceDirect, VIP Chinese Journals Database, and Wan Fang Database to build the first meta-analysis for estimating the prevalence and infection moderators of bTB in dairy cattle in China. A total of 100 relevant studies published from 2010 to 2019 were included. We estimated the overall prevalence of bTB was 2.4% (95% CI: 2.1–2.8) during this decade. In the sampling year subgroup, the prevalence was lowest in 2017 or later at 0.8% (95% CI: 0.3–1.5). The lowest prevalence was 0.7% (95% CI: 0.5–1.0) in Northwestern China. The lowest prevalence was 2.1% (95% CI: 1.8–2.5) using SIT test. Heifer cows had the highest prevalence, which was 27.1% (95% CI: 9.7–49.2). The prevalence in scale farming was 3.7% (95% CI: 3.1–4.3), significantly higher than that in free-range farming (1.7%, 95% CI: 1.1–2.4). The prevalence of bTB was highest in summer at 4.0% (95% CI: 1.7–7.0). In addition, the influence of different geographical factors (altitude, longitude, latitude, precipitation, temperature, humidity) on the prevalence was analyzed.Conclusions/significanceThe results showed that bTB was widespread in China but has been gradually reduced through concerted national intervention. It is suggested that different countries should formulate corresponding prevention and control measures according to the epidemic situation in its cattle industry. Enhanced monitoring of warm and humid areas may play an important role in reducing the incidence of bTB. In addition, when large-scale breeding is promoted, attention should be paid to standardizing breeding management and improving animal welfare to reduce the prevalence of bTB in cattle.
Highlights
Bovine tuberculosis, a chronic granulomatous inflammatory disease is caused mainly by Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) [1]
Via the respiratory or digestive tract, M. bovis can infect a wide range of hosts, including many common mammals such as cattle, humans, non-human primates, giraffes, seals, goats, cats, dogs, pigs, buffalo, badgers, possums, deer, and bison [2,3,4], but it poses a major threat to some endangered species [5]
The same Chinese search formula with fuzzy search and synonym expansion was used in advanced search of the three Chinese databases (CNKI, Wan Fang, and VIP database): (“tuberculosis” AND “cattle” OR “Mycobacterium tuberculosis” AND “cattle”) To avoid missing valid literature, we supplemented the advanced search results by using the terms “cow disease”, “cow tuberculosis”, “bovine tuberculosis” in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and the term “cow tuberculosis” in the VIP with the default options
Summary
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), a chronic granulomatous inflammatory disease is caused mainly by Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) [1]. The disease poses a huge threat to public health and causes a related socioeconomic burden [7]. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that about 143,000 (71,200– 240,000) incident cases of zoonotic tuberculosis (caused by M. bovis) occurred globally in 2018 (https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/329368) [8]. According to the FAO (2013), more than 6 billion people worldwide consume milk and dairy products. The true burden of the disease is unknown in most developing countries, where lack of epidemiological data and high economic costs often hinder strategies to control transmission of M. bovis [13]. Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacteria, mainly Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), is a major threat to public health and economic development. There has been no systematic epidemiological assessment concerning bTB in dairy cattle in China
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