Prevalence of Bovine Trypanosomosis and Its Associated Risk Factors in Nano and Gudeya Bila Districts of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

doi:10.7176/jbah/10-15-05

Abstract

The prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis, the influence of associated risk factors and relative abundance of tsetse fly was investigated using 891 randomly selected cattle in Nano and Gudeya Bila districts of Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. Blood samples were collected from ear vein and examined by using Buffy coat technique and hematological procedures. The overall prevalence of trypanosomosis was found to be 2.69%, 95%CI. The relative prevalence based on Trypanosome species was 1.79% and 0.90% for T. congolense and T. vivax, respectively. The analysis for the associated risk factors revealed significant difference (P<0.05) in the occurrence of trypanosomosis among different districts, anemic status and body condition of examined animals. However, no significant difference was observed in trypanosomosis prevalence between age and sex groups (P>0.05).The mean PCV values of trypanosomosis positive (21.92%) were significantly lower to that of negative animals (27.44%).The apparent density of tsetse fly was 1.08 fly/trap/day. Three species of Glossina including G. Fuscipes (70.0%), G. Palidipes (19.23%) and G. morsistans (10.77%) were captured from the 120 odor baited traps. Therefore, more attention should be given to lessen the pervasiveness of this vector and impact of the disease in the study districts. Keywords: Glossina, PCV, Risk Factors, T. Congolense, Trypanosomosis, Tsetse Fly DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/10-15-05 Publication date: August 31 st 2020

Highlights

Ethiopia has the largest livestock inventories in Africa, including about 59.5 million head of cattle and 60.90 million sheep and goats population according to the survey reported by CSA (2018)
Out of the 891 of cattle examined, only 24 animals were found positive for trypanosomosis and the prevalence in each district was 5.35% (23/430) for Nono and 0.22% (1/461) for Gudeya Bila district
Prevalence, is 2.69% (24/891), 95% CI and the relative prevalence based on Trypanosome species was 1.79% (16/891) and 0.90% (8/891) for T. congolense and T. vivax, respectively

Summary

Introduction

Ethiopia has the largest livestock inventories in Africa, including about 59.5 million head of cattle and 60.90 million sheep and goats population according to the survey reported by CSA (2018). In Ethiopia, the disease is more prevalent in the southern and western regions where the primary vector exists and it remains as one of the largest causes of livestock production losses. Tsetse fly (Glossina species) has a prominent economic impact as the biological vectors of trypanosomes (Tesfaheywet and Abraham, 2012; Kumar et al, 2012). The most prevalent trypanosome species are T. congolense, T. vivax and T. brucei with a wide host range among domesticated animals (Abebe 2005). This prevalence varies depending on agro-climatic conditions, season of year, host preferences or virulence for different species and interventions done to control the impact of the disease (Abebe and Jobre, 1996; Leta et al, 2016)

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