Prevalence of bla<sub>VIM</sub>, bla<sub>IMP</sub> and bla<sub>NDM</sub> Genes in Carbapenem Resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolated from Different Clinical Infections in Diyala, Iraq

Abstract

The study aimed to determine the prevalence of bla-genes (bla VIM , bla IMP and bla NDM ) encoding MBLs among the isolates of P. aeruginosa, which were recovered from various clinical samples from hospitalized patients in Diyala hospitals. This study was carried out during the period from February 2018 to August 2018. Out of 326 specimens, 81 isolates of P. aeruginosa were recovered. All isolates were tested toward the different class of clinically important antipseudomonal agents(18) by using agar diffusion method. The results of resistance were as following: piperacillin 74.07, ticarcillin 85.18%, Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid 93.82%, Ticarcillin/clavulanic acid 71.60%, ceftriaxone 87.65%, cefotaxime 85.18% and ceftazidime 75.30%, cefepime 80.24%, streptomycin 90.12%, gentamicin 85.18%, tobramycin 65.43%, amikacin 56.79%, ciprofloxacin 67.90%, levofloxacin 72.83%, oflaxacin 69.13%, Aztreonam 50.61%, Imipenem 11.11% and Meropenem 23.45%.In this investigation, antibiotic susceptibility testing of the P. aeruginosa isolates showed that 20(24.69%), 25(30.8%), 27(33.33%), and 9(11.11%) of the isolates were MDS, MDR, XDR and PDR, respectively. Based on the results from susceptibility testing, 19 (23.45%) of P. aeruginosa isolates were found to be resistant to at least one of carbapenems. Out of 19 of carbapenem resistant P. aeruginosa isolates, 16 (84.21%) were found to produce MBL. Among 16 phenotypic Metallo β-lactamase isolates the results achieved by using PCR revealed that 9 (56.25%) isolates have bla VIM genes, while 4 (25%) isolates carried bla NDM genes. No bla IMP was detected among carbapenem resistant strains in this study.