Prevalence of bilateral vestibulopathy among older adults above 65 years on the indication of vestibular impairment and the association with Dynamic Gait Index and Dizziness Handicap Inventory

Abstract

Purpose To estimate the prevalence of bilateral vestibulopathy (BV) and evaluate the association with, and concurrent validity of the Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) and the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) in diagnosing BV based on video head impulse test (vHIT) among older adults ≥65 years referred to a geriatric falls clinic on suspicion of vestibular impairment. Materials and methods The vHIT was applied as a reference standard of BV to estimate diagnostic parameters for optimal cut-off scores of DGI and DHI applied separately and in combination. Results Two-hundred medical records were reviewed (70% women, mean age 79.4 years). The prevalence of BV was 9%. DGI was weakly associated with BV: Odds Ratio (OR) 1.15 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01; 1.31), with a 93% sensitivity and 47% specificity of a cut-off score of 16. The total score of DHI showed no association with BV: OR 1.01 (95% CI: 0.98; 1.04). The concurrent validity for BV and DGI and/or DHI were found to be inadequate. Conclusions A prevalence of 9% underlines the relevance for assessment of BV. Only a weak association between DGI and/or DHI and BV was found. Thus, vHIT remains the preferred test for detecting BV in geriatric fall assessments. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION Bilateral vestibulopathy (BV) has numerous negative consequences for older adults and the prevalence is high among older adults referred to a geriatric falls clinic on suspicion of vestibular impairment. The Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) and the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) are not valid alternatives to the Video Head Impulse Test (vHIT) when assessing BV among geriatric outpatients.