Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is an ecological imbalance of the vaginal microbiota affecting mostly women of reproductive age group. This study was carried out among 160 nonpregnant women registered at the Outpatient Department of Gynaecology/Obstetrics of KIST Medical College Teaching Hospital, Imadol, Lalitpur, Nepal, from November 2014 to May 2015. The aim of the study was to assess the association of the risk factors with BV and analyze the type of bacteria associated with BV. Nugent's scoring method was used for diagnosis of BV in this study. The overall prevalence of BV was 24.4% among symptomatic patients. Douching was statistically related to BV (P = 0.015). Also, BV was significantly associated with consistency (P = 0.0001), odor (P = 0.02), and amount of abnormal vaginal discharge (P = 0.09). Contraceptives users on anatomical sites were found more prone to BV than those who did not use contraceptives on anatomical sites. Pseudomonas spp., Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter spp., Proteus spp., Klebsiella spp., Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Enterobacter spp., Citrobacter spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CoNS), and Streptococcus agalactiae were associated with BV and out of those Lactobacillus spp. was the predominant organism. The higher prevalence of BV among symptomatic patients indicates interventions should be applied to reduce the incidence of stillbirth, abortion, and sterility.
Highlights
Vaginitis is an inflammation of the vagina, usually characterized by any of the following: vaginal discharge containing many white blood cells (WBCs), vulvar itching, vulvar irritation, vaginal odor, vaginal erythema, dyspareunia, and dysuria [1, 2]
The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) was high among farmers (38.9%) and low in those who were involved in business (14.7%)
Women of age group 30–40 years, unmarried, illiterate, farmers, and belonging to other ethnic groups were more prone to BV (Table 2)
Summary
Vaginitis is an inflammation of the vagina, usually characterized by any of the following: vaginal discharge containing many white blood cells (WBCs), vulvar itching, vulvar irritation, vaginal odor, vaginal erythema, dyspareunia, and dysuria [1, 2]. BV is a common vaginal infection that occurs mostly in women of child-bearing age [4]. BV is a clinical condition characterized by a thin, gray/offwhite, homogenous, malodorous adherent vaginal discharge which is more noticeable after intercourse and menses, having pH > 4.5. Fishy odor is noticed on addition of 10% potassium hydroxide to the vaginal fluid (whiff test), and the presence of clue cells, a few or no lactobacilli, and small number (
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