Prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis and Associated Risk Factors among Women Complaining of Genital Tract Infection.

Adane Bitew,Delayehu Bekele,Amete Mihret,Yeshiwork Abebaw

doi:10.1155/2017/4919404

Abstract

Background Bacterial vaginosis is a global concern due to the increased risk of acquisition of sexually transmitted infections. Objectives To determine the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and bacteria causing aerobic vaginitis. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 210 patients between September 2015 and July 2016 at St. Paul's Hospital. Gram-stained vaginal swabs were examined microscopically and graded as per Nugent's procedure. Bacteria causing aerobic vaginitis were characterized, and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was determined. Results The overall prevalence of bacterial vaginosis was 48.6%. Bacterial vaginosis was significantly associated with number of pants used per day (p = 0.001) and frequency of vaginal bathing (p = 0.045). Of 151 bacterial isolates, 69.5% were Gram-negative and 30.5% were Gram-positive bacteria. The overall drug resistance level of Gram-positive bacteria was high against penicillin, tetracycline, and erythromycin. Cefoxitin and tobramycin were the most active drugs against Gram-positive bacteria. The overall drug resistance level of Gram-negative bacteria was high against tetracycline, ampicillin, and amoxicillin. Amikacin and tobramycin were the most active drugs against Gram-negative bacteria. Conclusions The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis was high and was affected by individual hygiene. Routine culture of vaginal samples should be performed on patients with vaginitis and the drug susceptibility pattern of each isolate should be determined.

Highlights

Vaginitis is an inflammation of the vagina in which bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and trichomoniasis are the most vaginitides [1]
Bacterial vaginosis is described as a shift in the balance of the vaginal microflora characterized by an increase in the vaginal pH, a reduction in lactobacilli, predominantly hydrogen peroxide producing species, and an increase in facultative and anaerobic bacteria in number and/or type [3]
Bacterial vaginosis can occur in any age group, but globally it is more prevalent in females of reproductive age [1]

Summary

Introduction

Vaginitis is an inflammation of the vagina in which bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and trichomoniasis are the most vaginitides [1]. It is a morbid disease in terms of loss of working days and treatment cost [2] It increases the risk of acquiring (i) human immunodeficiency virus [5] and other sexually transmitted infections (STI), such as gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) [6, 7], and (ii) miscarriage, preterm labor, preterm delivery, and postpartum complications such as endometritis and wound infections in pregnant women [8,9,10,11]. To determine the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and bacteria causing aerobic vaginitis. The overall drug resistance level of Gram-positive bacteria was high against penicillin, tetracycline, and erythromycin. The overall drug resistance level of Gram-negative bacteria was high against tetracycline, ampicillin, and amoxicillin. Routine culture of vaginal samples should be performed on patients with vaginitis and the drug susceptibility pattern of each isolate should be determined

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion