Abstract
BackgroundWe conducted a survey in 2008 to measure the prevalence of lifestyle-related diseases and risk factors in Philippine adults.MethodsStratified multistage sampling was used to cover the entire Philippine population of adults aged 20 years or older. Using health questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and blood examinations, the prevalences of atherosclerosis-related risk factors and diseases were determined. Survey results were compared with those obtained in 2003.ResultsOut of 7700 eligible subjects, 64% to 93.7% responded to different survey items. Age-adjusted hypertension prevalence was 24.6% at a single visit and 20.6% when corrected for true prevalence. The prevalence of diabetes was 3.9% on the basis of fasting blood glucose (FBG), 5.2% by FBG and history, and 6.0% when 2-hour post-load plasma glucose level was determined. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 72.0% and the prevalence of smoking was 31%. The prevalence of obesity was 4.9% by body mass index (BMI), and 10.2% and 65.6% by waist-hip ratio (WHR) in men and women, respectively. The prevalences of coronary, cerebrovascular, and peripheral arterial diseases were 1.1%, 0.9%, and 1.0%, respectively.ConclusionsThe prevalences of risk factors for atherosclerosis were higher in 2008 than in 2003, although the increase in diabetes was not significant and smoking decreased. These findings indicate a need for active collaborative intervention by all government agencies and medical societies in the Philippines.
Highlights
Cardiovascular disease has been the number one cause of mortality in the Philippines for many years.[1]
This article will report the prevalences of 5 atherosclerosis risk factors and 3 atherosclerosis-related diseases—coronary artery disease (CAD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), and peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
The response rates for blood pressure measurement, blood collection for determination of fasting glucose, 2-hour post-load plasma glucose, and fasting lipid parameters, and questionnaire participation were 92.8%, 80.2%, 64.0%, 81.5%, and 93.7% respectively
Summary
Cardiovascular disease has been the number one cause of mortality in the Philippines for many years.[1] The first national survey of the prevalence of atherosclerosis-related risk factors and diseases (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, smoking, angina, and stroke) among adults was done in 1998.2 In 2003, another national survey was conducted and expanded the scope of the research to other noncommunicable or lifestyle-related condition; a total of 32 conditions were reported in what was referred to as the National Nutrition and Health Survey I (NNHeS I).[3] The methods of the 2 surveys differed, with regard to blood collection and analysis, but the prevalence rates were similar. Conclusions: The prevalences of risk factors for atherosclerosis were higher in 2008 than in 2003, the increase in diabetes was not significant and smoking decreased
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