Prevalence of arterial hypertension and its association with anthropometry and diet in children (6 to 9 years old): ANIVA study

Abstract

Introduction: recent studies warn of changes in dietary habits and an increase in overweight children as possible risk factors for early hypertension. Objectives: to know the prevalence of normotension, rehypertension and hypertension in the children studied, and to evaluate its possible association with diet and anthropometric indicators. Methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out within the Project "Anthropometry and Child Nutrition of Valencia" (ANIVA), where diet, blood pressure, and anthropometry were evaluated in 652 children between six and nine years old. The World Health Organization (WHO) criteria to identify normotensive, prehypertensive and hypertensive were applied. Results: there is a higher prevalence of normotensive (83.9%, p < 0.05). The prevalence of prehypertensive and hypertensive patients is 8.1% and 8.0%, respectively. Boys have higher levels of hypertension (8.4%), while girls have a higher prevalence of prehypertension (9.3%). In boys, significantly higher values are identified for the weight, height and hip circumference. Girls present significantly higher percentage of fat mass, bicipital fold, suprailiac fold, and heart rate. Significant correlations were found between the anthropometric indicators and blood pressure by sex, highlighting the waist circumference-blood pressure correlation in boys. Significant differences are observed between the nutrients ingested in the diet and blood pressure. Conclusions: a prevalence of hypertension of 8% in children aged 6-9 years of the province of Valencia is identified. The blood pressure values increase according to the body mass index, percentage of fat mass, waist circumference and the set of folds. A dietary pattern associated with hypertension in children is identified.