Prevalence of Anxiety, Depression, Kinesiophobia, and Impaired Shoulder Function in Patients following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: An Observational Study

Abstract

Background: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is an effective coronary revascularization technique. Anxiety and depression are associated with risks of re-hospitalization, heart failure, stroke, myocardial infarction, and death after CABG. Kinesiophobia and impaired shoulder function are associated with impaired physical performance and self-reported disability. Hence, early identification is essential for initiating supportive or preventive measures. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of anxiety, depression, kinesiophobia, and impaired shoulder function in patients following CABG. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 300 patients who underwent CABG in a tertiary cardiac care hospital. After obtaining informed consent, this study assessed the following patient-reported outcome measures – demographic information, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for depression, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale for anxiety, Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia-17, and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index for shoulder impairments. Results: Analysis was done using SPSS software (version 20.0). The prevalence of anxiety in this study was minimum (33%), mild (32%), moderate (34%), and severe (2%) out of total population. Prevalence of depression was minimum (15.33%), mild (35%), moderate (39.33%), and moderately severe (10%) out of total population. Prevalence of kinesiophobia was mild (15%), moderate (84%), and severe (1%) out of total population. Shoulder impairments were up to 20% in 55% of the population, 40% in 30%, and 0% in 16% of the total population. Conclusions: From the entire population, 34% had moderate anxiety, 40% had moderate depression, 84% had moderate kinesiophobia, and 30% had shoulder impairments. This prevalence study helps identify these risk factors and could guide the secondary complications after CABG.