Prevalence of anti‐egg albumin antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with mild and severe Alzheimer’s Disease. Correlation with gender and incidence of anti‐casein antibodies and AGEs.

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer’s Disease (A.D.) is a multifactorial process. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been correlated with disease development1. Additionally, high concentrations of antibodies against the food derived antigens egg‐albumin and bovine casein, have been detected in patients with Alzheimer’s disease in preliminary research presented by our team, previously (AAIC 2018).In the present study, antibodies against egg‐albumin and bovine casein as well as AGEs were detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of 36 patients with mild and 35 patients with severe Alzheimer’s Disease and 13 healthy individuals and a correlation between the measured parameters and sample properties was attempted.MethodELISA plates pre‐treated with highly hydrophilic microlon resin were used for the purpose of this study2. Egg‐albumin or bovine casein antigens were attached at the ELISA plates for the measurement of antibodies. Additionally, polyclonal antibodies against multiple AGE products were used to detect attached sample CSF AGEs.ResultAccording to the results, 48,6% of of the samples of patients with severe AD had anti‐egg albumin concentration higher than mean concentration of healthy idividuals+2SD (characterized as positive) compared to 8.3% of positive samples in patients with mild disease. An overall 265% increase in mean concentration was observed in severe compared to mild patients, indicating association with severity. The observed difference was significant at p = 0.01 according to mann witney U test. Lower anti‐egg albumin concentrations were observed in female samples of either mild or severe disease (Figure 1). Much lower incidence of anti‐casein antibody positive samples was found in in severe AD (5.7% positive in severe versus 0% in mild AD). A slight, not statisticaly significant, increase in mean anti‐casein antibodies concentration (23.7%) and AGEs (16.2%) was observed in severe compared to mild disease with the higher concentrations also detected in the most positive to anti‐egg albumin samples.ConclusionThe results indicated a potential correlation of antibodies against egg‐albumin with the severity of Alzheimer’s disease with increased incidence in male patients. A lower correlation was observed in case of anti‐casein antibodies and AGEs.