Abstract
BACKGROUNDAntenatal depression is the most common psychiatric disorder during pregnancy with serious consequences for the mother and the fetus. However, there are few studies about this health issue in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of antenatal depression and its associated risk factors among pregnant mothers attending antenatal care service at Jinka public health facilities, south Omo zone, Southern Ethiopia.METHODSInstitutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted on 446 pregnant women at Jinka public health facilities, from June 1 to June 30, 2018. Beck Depression Inventory was used to assess women's level of depression. Statistical package for social science version 20.0 was used for analysis. Logistic regression was used to find out the association between explanatory and depression. The strength of association was evaluated using odds ratio at 95% confidence interval (CI).RESULTThe magnitude of antenatal depression in this study was 24.4% (20.2–28.5 at 95% CI) and it had statistically significant association with unmarried marital status adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 13.39 [(95% CI); (3.11–57.7)], chronic medical illness AOR = 3.97 [(95% CI); (1.07–14.7)], unplanned pregnancy AOR = 6.76 [(95% CI); (2.13–21.4)], history of abortion AOR = 2.8 [(95% CI); (1.14–7.02)], history of previous pregnancy complication AOR = 4.8 [(95% CI); (2.12–17.35)], and fear of pregnancy-related complications AOR = 5.4 [(95% CI); (2.32–12.4)].CONCLUSIONSNearly one pregnant woman develops antenatal depression in every four pregnant women. Variables like unmarried marital status, chronic medical illness and unplanned pregnancy, history of previous pregnancy complications, and fear of pregnancy-related complications were associated with antenatal depression. Therefore, it is recommended that these risks factors should be evaluated during antenatal care with a view to improving maternal health.
Highlights
Antenatal depression is the most common psychiatric disorder during pregnancy and it’s associated with psychosocial and obstetric factors
Integrating mental health service in antenatal care assessment, provide comprehensive family planning service and improve obstetric service are recommended
A total of 446 pregnant women were involved in this study with a response rate of 99.7 % and One hundred ninety-one (42.8 %) study participants were in the age group 20–24, followed by age group 25– 29 (30%) with minimum age 16 and maximum 40 and mean age 24.22 ±4.45 years. 422 (94.6%) of pregnant women were married and 348 (78%) mother were live in urban while other 98(22%) were live in rural
Summary
Antenatal depression is the most common psychiatric disorder during pregnancy and it’s associated with psychosocial and obstetric factors. Antenatal depression has serious consequences for the mother and fetus, such as recurrent spontaneous abortions, pregnancy induced hypertension, preeclampsia, postpartum bleeding, pre-term delivery, postnatal depressive disorders and low birth weight. It’s the third leading cause of disease burden worldwide: representing 4.3% of the total disability adjusted life year. In 2020, depression is predicted to become the second leading cause of the global diseases burden[1] and in 2030, it’s expected to be the largest contributor for disease burden. In addition the emotion of a pregnant woman can be affected by different factors, like woman’s attitude towards being pregnant, whether or not the pregnancy is planned or wanted, not having formal education, large family size, house wife by occupation, previous pregnancy related complication and the availability of a supportive relationship with a partner[4, 5]
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