Abstract
Background: Anemia has been one of the main nutritional challenges around the world. Not enough attention has been paid to this issue in children and adolescents in China. In this study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of anemia among 9-, 12-, and 14-year old Chinese children and investigate the associated factors of anemia. Methods: Data come from a cross-sectional survey conducted in 26 provinces and 4 municipalities in mainland China. A total of 48,537 children aged 9, 12, and 14 years old were included in data analyses. Anthropometric measurements were conducted to obtain information about height and weight. Capillary blood was collected from the fingertip, and hemoglobin concentration was tested by HemoCue201+. Information about sleep duration, daily consumption of eggs, milk, and breakfast were obtained from a self-administrated questionnaire. The mixed-effects logistic regression model was applied to estimate the association between selected variables and risk of anemia. Results: A total of 8.4% of participants were identified as being anemic; and the prevalence was higher in girls and rural children. Mixed-effects logistic regression analysis showed that children who were overweight, obese, and consumed eggs and milk every day had a lower risk of anemia. Spermarche, overweight/obesity, and having milk every day were associated with lower risk of anemia in boys, while menarche was found to be a risk factor and eating eggs every day to be a protective factor of anemia in girls. Conclusions: Anemia among 9-, 12-, and 14-year-old children is still high. Intervention programs of adding egg and milk into school daily diet might contribute to reducing anemia in Chinese school aged children, especially for those living in rural areas or girls with menarche.
Highlights
Anemia is regarded as the most common micronutrient deficiency disorder around the world [1], which affects both developing and developed countries [2]
Data from Global Burden of Disease 2013 [6] showed that iron deficiency anemia (IDA) was the leading cause of years lived with disability (YLDs) in children and adolescents, affecting
We observed a higher prevalence than the results from the Chinese National Nutritional and Health Survey (CNNHS) program study conducted in 2010–2012 (4.3% for 9–11 years, and 7.2 for 12–14 years) [20], and this may result from the difference in sample and blood collection methods applied in those surveys
Summary
Anemia is regarded as the most common micronutrient deficiency disorder around the world [1], which affects both developing and developed countries [2]. Anemia has affected approximately 25% of school-aged children (5–14 years old) globally [5]. Data from Global Burden of Disease 2013 [6] showed that iron deficiency anemia (IDA) was the leading cause of years lived with disability (YLDs) in children and adolescents, affecting. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of anemia among 9-, 12-, and 14-year old Chinese children and investigate the associated factors of anemia. A total of 48,537 children aged 9, 12, and 14 years old were included in data analyses. Anthropometric measurements were conducted to obtain information about height and weight. Information about sleep duration, daily consumption of eggs, milk, and breakfast were obtained from a self-administrated questionnaire
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