Prevalence of Anemia Among Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients and Identification of Diagnostic Markers Associated with the Disease

Abstract

Background: A co-morbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been identified as ane-mia. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is now known to have systemic inflammation, making it a po-tential cause of chronic anemia (ACD). According to preliminary findings, anemia may be more common than predicted in COPD patients, occurring in 10% to 15% of cases. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of anemia in COPD patients and look for biomarkers linked to the disease. Methods: In a retrospective study conducted at a university hospital in Kwara state, Nigeria, 280 patients (166 men and 114 women) with spirometry-confirmed COPD were assessed for the incidence of anemia. The gene expression profiles of microarray data, including GSE148004, were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to discover potential candidate key genes linked to the onset and prognosis of COPD. DAVID was used to examine the pathway enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Results: Anemia was found in 104 people (88 men and 16 women), providing a frequency of 37.1%. Addi-tionally, 57.1% of the patients developed acute exacerbations. There were 9458 DEGs overall, of which 3772 were up-regulated, and 5686 were down-regulated. In the current study, DEGs revealed that the NEDD9 gene was over-expressed in COPD patients. Conclusion: Patients with COPD typically experience anemia, which is linked to higher morbidity in hospi-tal admissions and exacerbations. These patients’ clinical outcomes may be improved by treating their ane-mia. A potential biological relationship between anemia and COPD is IL1R1..