Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Lipoatrophy in Patients with HIV Infection in Nigeria.

Sandra Omozehio Iwuala,Anas A Sabir,Olufemi Adetola Fasanmade,Charles C Okany,Olufunmilayo A Lesi,Michael Adeyemi Olamoyegun

doi:10.1155/2015/402638

Abstract

Background. Although the association between lipoatrophy and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is well known, other nondrug factors may be associated with lipoatrophy in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). There are no reports of lipoatrophy from Nigeria, a country with the second largest number of PLWHA. We aimed to determine the prevalence, characteristics, and factors associated with lipoatrophy in a cohort of patients attending the HIV clinic in Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Methods. Two hundred and eighty-eight patients with HIV infection were recruited for the study. The study protocol involved administration of a questionnaire, targeted physical examination (including anthropometric indices and skin fold thickness), and bioelectrical impedance analysis measurements. Lipoatrophy was defined clinically. Results. Lipoatrophy was present in 75 (26.0%) persons. It was associated with lower body circumferences, skin fold thicknesses, and lower % body fat with preservation of skeletal muscle mass (all P < 0.05). Male gender and HAART use were the factors associated with lipoatrophy on multivariate analysis (P < 0.05). Conclusion. Lipoatrophy is frequently encountered in patients with HIV infection in Nigeria, with HAART use conferring an added factor in its development. There is need for more physician and patient awareness of this condition.

Highlights

The effective use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) since 1996 has led to a decline in the morbidity and mortality associated with the HIV infection [1, 2]
While lipohypertrophy can present independently of HIV infection and HAART, lipoatrophy has been linked with HAART especially with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI), which often form the backbone of HAART in resource-poor settings [5, 7]
The current study aimed to study the prevalence and factors associated with lipoatrophy in HAART experienced patients attending the HIV clinic in Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria

Summary

Introduction

The effective use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) since 1996 has led to a decline in the morbidity and mortality associated with the HIV infection [1, 2]. The association between lipoatrophy and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is well known, other nondrug factors may be associated with lipoatrophy in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). We aimed to determine the prevalence, characteristics, and factors associated with lipoatrophy in a cohort of patients attending the HIV clinic in Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Lipoatrophy was present in 75 (26.0%) persons It was associated with lower body circumferences, skin fold thicknesses, and lower % body fat with preservation of skeletal muscle mass (all P < 0.05). Lipoatrophy is frequently encountered in patients with HIV infection in Nigeria, with HAART use conferring an added factor in its development. There is need for more physician and patient awareness of this condition

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion