Abstract
Dogs are competent reservoir hosts of several zoonotic agents, including Filariidae nematodes and Anaplasmataceae family bacteria. The latter family unites human and veterinary pathogens (Anaplasma, Ehrlichia and Neorickettsia bacteria) with Wolbachia, some of which are obligatory endosymbionts of pathogenic filarial nematodes. The epidemiology of Anaplasmataceae and Filariidae species infecting dogs living in kennels in New Caledonia was studied. 64 EDTA blood samples were screened for the presence of Anaplasmataceae and filarial nematodes. Molecular study was conducted using primers and probe targeting the of 23S rRNA long fragment of Anaplasmataceae species. Next, all blood sample was screened for the presence of Filariidae species targeting the primers and probe targeting the COI gene, as well as primers targeting the COI and 5S rRNA genes of all filarial worms. Anaplasma platys was identified in 8/64 (12.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.4–20.6%) and Wolbachia endosymbiont of Dirofilaria immitis in 8/64 (12.5%, CI: 4.4–20.6%). Filariidae species investigation was performed and showed that 11/64 (17.2%, CI: 7.9–26.4%) dogs were infected with D. immitis, whereas, 2/64 (3.1%, CI: 0.0–7.3%) were infected with Acanthocheilonema reconditum. Finally, we checked the occurrence of co‐infection between Anaplasmataceae and Filariidae species. Co‐occurrence with Wolbachia endosymbiont of D. immitis was observed in seven dogs, one dog was co‐infected with A. platys and A. reconditum and another was co‐infected with Wolbachia endosymbiont of D. immitis and A. reconditum. These results are the first report of Anaplasmataceae and Filariidae occurring in dogs in New Caledonia.
Highlights
The Anaplasmataceae family of bacteria includes several dog-associated pathogens such as Anaplasma phagocytophilum, A. platys and Ehrlichia canis, E. chaffeensis, E. ewingii and Neorickettsia helminthoeca (Dumler et al 2001)
Co-occurrence with Wolbachia endosymbiont of D. immitis was observed in seven dogs, one dog was co-infected with A. platys and A. reconditum and another was co-infected with Wolbachia endosymbiont of D. immitis and A. reconditum
We report the first description of A. platys, Wolbachia sp. endosymbiont of D. immitis associated with the presence of the nematode D. immitis, as well as Acanthocheilonema reconditum from the blood of dogs in New Caledonia
Summary
The Anaplasmataceae family of bacteria includes several dog-associated pathogens such as Anaplasma phagocytophilum, A. platys and Ehrlichia canis, E. chaffeensis, E. ewingii and Neorickettsia helminthoeca (Dumler et al 2001). Canine granulocytic anaplasmosis due to A. phagocytophilum is reported worldwide and transmitted by Ixodes ricinus complex ticks in Europe and North America (Dumler et al 2005; Kohn et al 2011). Anaplasma phagocytophilum and E. canis are the causative agents of cyclic thrombocytopenia and canine monocyte tropic ehrlichiosis, and are reported worldwide. Ehrlichia chaffeensis and E. ewingii are mainly reported from the United States and primarily transmitted by Amblyomma americanum ticks (Yabsley et al 2011; Stoffel et al 2014). Neorickettsia helminthoeca, the agent of salmon poisoning disease, is reported on the American continents and may infect dogs who ingest parasitized salmon (Headley et al 2011). The detection of Veterinary Medicine and Science (2018), 4, pp. 140–149
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