Abstract
Back ground: The ABO and Rhesus –D blood group are the major blood group systems. The frequency of four main blood group systems varies in population throughout the world and even in different parts of the country. ABO & Rh blood group antigens play a Vital role in immunologic safety of whole blood and blood component transfusion and also useful in population genetic studies, in resolving medico legal issues.
 Aim: This study is aimed to document the frequency and distribution pattern of ABO and Rh among blood donors in S.V.R.R.Govt. General Hospital, Tirupati.
 Study Design: It is a retrospective record based study carried out at Model blood bank S.V.R.R.Govt. General Hospital Tirupati from January 2014 to December 2015.
 Material and Methods: The study was conducted on 13,040 donors. ABO and Rh typing was done by using slide agglutination method with antisera ABO and Rh (tulip Diag). Doubtful cases were confirmed by tube agglutination method and reverse grouping by using pooled A& B cells. The age group and sex of donors and frequency of ABO and Rh blood groups were reported in simple percentages.
 Results: In the present study the most common blood group was ‘O’ 5505 (42.2%) and least common being AB 778 (5.96%). The prevalence of Rh positive and negative distribution in the study population is 12267(94.07%) and 773(5.93%) respectively. Predominant donors belonged to age group between 18-35 years (85.37 %).Male donors (97.88%) are common than female donors (2.12%) with ratio. Blood group frequency with respect to ABO and Rh was found to be O>B>A>AB.
 Conclusion: O positive blood group is significantly high in our population while AB Iis least.. Blood donation by females appears to be low provably because of illiteracy, malnutrition and social taboo. So female donor need to be motivated for blood donation. Knowledge of frequencies of different blood groups is very important for blood banks and transfusion service polices for better use and good inventory of blood units.
 Key words: Blood groups ABO, Rh
Highlights
The ABO blood group system is widely credited to have been discovered by Austrian scientist karl Landsteiner in 1901
ABO & Rh blood group antigens play a Vital role in immunologic safety of whole blood and blood component transfusion and useful in population genetic studies, in resolving medico legal issues
The antigens may be proteins, carbohydrates glycoprotein’s and glycolipids depending on the blood group system . 3 According to ABO system the blood of each individual carries an antibody directed against the antigen which is absent from the persons red blood cells
Summary
The ABO blood group system is widely credited to have been discovered by Austrian scientist karl Landsteiner in 1901. He described A,B,O, Blood Groups for which he was awarded Nobel prize in the year 1930. A total of 13040 donors were considered medically fit and accepted for blood donation .All of them were of age between 18-60 years. The classification of blood groups into type A, B, AB, and O in ABO system, Rh positive and Rh negative is based on the presence or absence of inherited antigenic substances on the surface of the red blood cells. 3 According to ABO system the blood of each individual carries an antibody directed against the antigen which is absent from the persons red blood cells. In order to avoid danger of mismatched transfusion it is important to determine the blood groups of those involved prior to transfusion. 4
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