Prevalence mild cognitive impairment in mexican older adults in a third‐level hospital

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundMild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a common condition among older adults that refers to cognitive deficits that are not derived from daily activities, this condition that can progress to dementia, therefore it deserves special attention since it is prevalent in populations of older adults and It can coexist with geriatric syndromes. we evaluated the epidemiological characteristics in an older population with mild cognitive impairment.MethodA descriptive and cross‐sectional study was carried out, evaluating adults 60 years of age or older, from a dementia clinic at a tertiary level hospital in Mexico. The analytical sample consisted of 700 older adults, from whom patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment were selected, using the Petersen criteria. Epidemiological variables were considered, as well as gait disturbance, geriatric syndromes, among others.ResultThe study found that of the total population of 700 patients, 275 participants were diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment, indicating an estimated overall prevalence of 39.42%. Among those with MCI, 54.1% were in the a‐MCI‐s subtype, 22.5% in the a‐MCI‐md subtype, 18.18% in the na‐MCI‐md subtype, and 5 .09% in the na‐MCI‐s subtype. The prevalence of MCI was higher in women (59.6%) and between 60 and 70 years (55.6%). 46.7% had basic education (<6 years), of which 27.2% belonged to the a‐MCI‐s subtype. in patients with MCI, 28% presented depression, 48.3% gait disturbances. Pre‐frailty was present in 40% of patients. Sensory deprivation was found in 88.3% and polypharmacy in 49.1%. The marital status was predominantly married (61.8%) and 32.3% worked and in terms of comorbidities, a relationship with arterial hypertension (61%) was observed.ConclusionThis study suggests that mild cognitive impairment is common among the elderly population, especially women and people in their 60s and 70s. The a‐MCI‐s subtype was the most common. Mild cognitive impairment was also associated with various comorbidities and geriatric syndromes, including gait disorders, depression, pre‐frailty, sensory deprivation, polypharmacy, and association with arterial hypertension. These findings highlight the importance of identifying and managing mild cognitive impairment and its associated syndromes.