Abstract
Cucumber mosaic virus (Genus: Cucumovirus, Family: Bromoviridae) is major pathogen of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in Pakistan and may cause up to 100 % losses. Therefore, this survey based study was planned to determine the disease intensity in fields, mechanical transmission for confirmation of virus and analysis of influence of environmental conditions on the disease development. The disease was monitored on 30 plants at each site in district Hyderabad, Tando Allahyar, Thatta and Shaheed Benazirabad. There were seven sites at each district for observations. Metrological data collected from Regional Agro Metrological Centre, ARI Tandojam Sindh was correlated with the disease intensity. The disease incidence was ranging, 40- 77, 37- 70, 63- 100 and 30- 90%, at district Hyderabad, Tando Allahyar, Thatta and Shaheed Benazirabad, respectively. District wise, there was highly significant variation among incidence of cucumber mosaic disease (Df= 3, F= 20.59, P= 0.0000). Maximum disease incidence was recorded at Thatta (81.0%). However, overall severity of cucumber mosaic in all the surveyed districts was 2-score. On mechanical inoculation, after 15 days necrotic lesions were only found on the leaves of Chenopodium amaranticolor inoculated with sap of symptomatic leaves. Maximum, minimum temperature (℃) and evaporation showed significant relation (r2= 0.883, P= 0.0053, r2= 0.664, P= 0.0482 and r2= 0.827, P= 0.0119, respectively) only with the disease incidence but not with severity. Cloudiness was highly significantly related with disease severity (r2= 0.975, P= 0.0002) but there was non-significant relationship with disease incidence (r2= 0.600, P= 0.0705). Keywords: Cucumber; Disease intensity; Environmental conditions; Mechanical transmission; Mosaic virus http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2019.80046
Highlights
Introduction during2016 cropping season, the crop is Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a famous cultivated in an area of about 3,482 ha with vegetable under family, Curcubitaceae.a total production of 56,204 tons [3].Cucumber is being grown thought out the Cucumber production is adversely affected world including Pakistan [1, 2]
The incidence and severity of cucumber mosaic disease In district Hyderabad, maximum the disease incidence 77.0, 73.0 and 63.0% was recorded at locations of Amar Town-1, Amar Town-2 and New Hyderabad City, respectively followed by Rahuki-2 and Channel (50.0%) (Figure 1)
Our results showed that minimum and maximum temperature (°C) were significantly correlated with the disease incidence but it was non-significantly correlated with severity of cucumber mosaic disease
Summary
1287 species of plants, which includes fruits, cucurbits, vegetables, ornamental, medicinal and weeds. The infection of viral disease in plant is recognized either by electron microscopy, ELISA, monoclonal antibody techniques, Northern, Southern Blotting, PCR/RTPCR, microarray technologies, biosensors, etc., which are widely used for their sensitivity, rapidity and accuracy throughout the world [16, 17] Using such methodology, prevalence of CMV in chilli/pepper is investigated throughout Pakistan [18] but its spread in cucumber crop is not assessed yet. Such assessment in field conditions is playing critical role for any quantitative epidemiological study and is essential base line for conducting field based experiments in order to provide proficient and reliable management practice for managing the disease even at high disease rick point Environmental factors such relative humidity, rainfall, temperature are shown to interact with development of CMV and its vector population [19]. Correlation of the disease parameters with environmental factors was performed using PRISM v. 5.01 (GraphPad Software)
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