Prevalence, intensity and spatial co-distribution of schistosomiasis and soil transmitted helminths infections in Ogun state, Nigeria

Akinola S Oluwole,Adebiyi A Adeniran,Eniola M Abe,Dorcas B Olabinke,Sammy O Sam-Wobo,Hammed O Mogaji,Samuel O Bankole,Uwem F Ekpo

doi:10.1017/pao.2018.4

Abstract

AbstractA cross-sectional survey was carried out in primary schools to determine prevalence, intensity and spatial co-distribution of Schistosomiasis and soil transmitted helminths (STH) infections in Ogun State, Nigeria. A total of 2148 pupils from 42 schools were examined forSchistosomaand STH infections from urine and fresh fecal samples respectively. Ethyl ether concentration method prepared in sodium acetate – acetic acid – formalin ether was used to concentrate parasites’ ova before microscopic examination. The overall prevalence of schistosomiasis and STH infections were 4.0% (95% CI = 3.21–4.92) and 34.64% (95% CI = 32.62–36.69) respectively.Schistosoma haematobiumandAscaris lumbricoideswere the most prevalent across the study area among theSchistosomaand STH species respectively. Overall, intensity of infection was higher in males than in females for allSchistosomaand STH infections, but with no significant difference (P &gt; 0.05), except forTrichuris trichiura(χ2 = 6.490,P &lt; 0.05). Infection intensity was significantly inversely correlated (χ2 = 12.953,P &lt; 0.05) with an increase in age group. Co-distribution ofSchistosomaand STH infections occurred in 15 (35.7%) out of 42 schools, and only 30 children (1.4%) had co-infection ofSchistosomaand STH. This study provides information on the prevalence and spatial risk of schistosomiasis and STH in Ogun State. This will serve as decision-support tool for Ogun State programme managers to help facilitate integration of schistosomiasis and STH control.

Highlights

Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) are among the top ten neglected tropical diseases (NTD) targeted for control/elimination by 2020 (WHO, 2012a)
The finding corroborates the recent mapping of schistosomiasis in Nigeria using compiled survey data from 1950 to 2010 which revealed that S. haematobium is the most spatially distributed of three Schistosoma species in Nigeria (Ekpo et al 2013)
Our findings show that prevalence of schistosomiasis increase as the age increases from age group 5–7 peaking at age group >14

Summary

Introduction

Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) are among the top ten neglected tropical diseases (NTD) targeted for control/elimination by 2020 (WHO, 2012a). More than a billion people or 24% of the world’s population is infected with STH infections worldwide (Pullan et al 2014). Both diseases cause severe and subtle morbidity, including significant educational and nutritional effects in children (Mwinzi et al 2012). These parasitic diseases are prevalent in areas with favourable climatic and environmental conditions, unhygienic eating habits, poor water supply, poor sanitation and personal hygiene conditions which facilitate their transmission (Midzi et al 2014). Maps of the co-geospatial distribution of at-risk population and disease burden at national and district levels will ensure a cost-effective planning and delivery of control activities (Schur et al 2011)

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion