Prevalence, incidence and epidemiology of major diseases of garlic in Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

Garlic (Allium sativum), is a vegetable spices that can be classified as either as food crop or medicinal. Survey gave a best idea of the diseases which was prevalent at the particular area. Survey has been made in Chhindawara, Seoni, Ujjain, Indore and Jabalpur at 24 villages covering 72 fields of particular districts of Madhya Pradesh and also in seed technology research field Jabalpur. Disease incidence for the all surveyed diseases viz. fusarial pink rot, sclerotial white rot, stemphylium tender tip blight, smut and purple blotch has been made during year 2015-2016 based upon 100 randomly selected plants. Stemphylium tender tip blight (3-31%) and Purple blotch upto 21% were widely prevalent where as other diseases fusarial pink rot and sclerotial white rot showed 4-18% and 3-19% respectively. Among the diseases of garlic the stemphylium tender tip blight showed highest disease incidence i.e. 3-31% while the smut of garlic showed no any disease incidence among all the surveyed districts. The disease incidence has been positively correlated with the amount of disease incidence. The survey which was made in seed technology research Jabalpur in two varieties i.e. G-50 and local, gave the link between disease development and weather parameters. During the 46th week the disease incidence was 3% in both the varieties (G-50, Local) with average temperature 22.5˚C and relative humidity 89% which increases up to 6% (G-50) and 19% (Local) in the 49th week coinciding with average temperature 18.6˚C and relative humidity 82%. During the period of 46th week the initiation of pink rot also started and the progressive development of pink rot observed maximum 51 th week as G-50 showed 12% incidence and Local showed 17% incidence with average temperature 15.55˚C and relative humidity 91%. The initiation of purple blotch started in 51 th week but maximum incidence of disease observed at in the third week of January 2016 with corresponding average temperature 16.85˚C (11.5˚C minimum, 22.2 maximum) and 94% relative humidity (morning). In local variety the incidence rose up to 19% in the third week of January 2016. The incidence for the stemphylium tender tip blight started at 7th week of February 2016 and showed maximum disease incidence during 11th week the temperature (average 23.4˚C) and relative humidity (85%) which favours the disease development, incidence of disease 20% (G-50) and 37% (Local variety) in the crop.