Abstract
Background: Our goal was to assess the demographics, risk factors, and hospital admission and length of stay (LOS) among patients with acute COVID-19 and to identify whether age, smoking status, race, risk factors, and sex significantly affect the severity of illness according to hospitalization or admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Severity was defined as admission to the hospital or ICU.Methods: This retrospective cohort chart review included patients who received care from March 13 to August 17, 2020, at a single academic medical center. Age, COVID-19 risk factors, sex, race, smoking history, and hospital LOS were analyzed with hospital admission and ICU admission. Categorical variables were summarized.Results: The chart review assessed 1,697 adult patients with various degrees of severity of COVID-19 illness: 23 patients had been admitted to the hospital, and 7 had been admitted to the ICU. Older age and more COVID-19 risk factors, as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, were significantly associated with hospital admissions, and longer LOS was statistically associated with ICU admission.Conclusions: Severe COVID-19 infection was associated with older age and more risk factors. Current smoking status, sex, and race were not significantly different between hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 infection who were admitted to the ICU and those who were not admitted to the ICU.
Highlights
Coronaviruses, which belong to the family Coronaviridae, are single-stranded RNA viruses that infect humans and cause severe respiratory, gastrointestinal tract, hepatic, and neurologic diseases [1]
The demographic analysis was based on 1697 patients who were evaluated in the CVD and had positive COVID-19 test results for the selected period
Among hospitalized patients who were not admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), the median age was 66.0 years and the mean length of stay (LOS) was 6.9 days, 31.2% were not White, 12.5% were Hispanic/Latino, 62.5% were male, and 37.5% were smokers
Summary
Coronaviruses, which belong to the family Coronaviridae, are single-stranded RNA viruses that infect humans and cause severe respiratory, gastrointestinal tract, hepatic, and neurologic diseases [1]. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or novel coronavirus. Disease transmission occurs through large respiratory droplets and aerosolized fluids of affected individuals during coughing and sneezing [2]. Current evidence shows that most acute cases of COVID-19 are mild or asymptomatic, and people who have symptoms usually recover within 6 weeks, depending on their immune function and age [3,4]. Our goal was to assess the demographics, risk factors, and hospital admission and length of stay (LOS) among patients with acute COVID-19 and to identify whether age, smoking status, race, risk factors, and sex significantly affect the severity of illness according to hospitalization or admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Severity was defined as admission to the hospital or ICU
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