Abstract
To investigate the prevalence, awareness, treatment, control of hypertension and their associated factors in southern China. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 5 cities of urban areas and 5 counties of rural areas in Southern China in 2013, a stratified multistage random sampling method was used to select a representative sample. Recruitment included a total of 19254 participants aged 15 or older. Socio-demographic profiles, examinations were administrated on each subject. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to identify the risk factors of hypertension, awareness, treatment, and control. Overall, the prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension are 24.59% and 32.11%, respectively in southern China. Among all the hypertensive patients, 67.43% were aware of their condition, 55.76% took anti-hypertension medication recent two weeks, and 30.79% had their blood pressure controlled. Compared with male, female hypertensive patients had higher rates of hypertension awareness, treatment and control. Age, gender, marital status, living areas, education, BMI, waist circumference, visceral adipose index (VAI), high body fat percentage (BFP) and family hypertension history correlated with the prevalence of hypertension. SBP/DBP increased with VAI and BFP increasing. There is an increasing prevalence of hypertension and high pre-hypertension in the general population in southern China, but levels of awareness, treatment, and control remain relatively low, especially for young and middle-aged population. Innovative strategies including of adopting appropriate anti-hypertensive medication therapy and healthy lifestyles should be taken.
Highlights
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death and burden worldwide, hypertension has ranked first as a modifiable risk factor of CVD in China [1]
Assuming a design effect of 2.5 and the prevalence of hypertension among population aged 15 years or more of 17.7%, 19000 participants are needed to ensure that the average lengths of the 95% confidence interval (CI) for the prevalence in the entire population and subpopulation defined by age and gender are less than 0.4% and 1.8%, respectively
A total of 19254 study participants from 28000 eligible participants completed all of the questionnaires, measurement examinations
Summary
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death and burden worldwide, hypertension has ranked first as a modifiable risk factor of CVD in China [1]. 2002 National Nutrition and Health Survey (NNHS), the prevalence of hypertension in China among adults 18 years or more was 18.8%, the awareness, treatment and control of hypertension were only 30%, 25% and 6%, respectively [2]. Zhejiang province located in Southern China has a population of approximately 55 million in 2013. The result from NNHS in 2002 showed that the prevalence of hypertension among adults 18 years or more in Zhejiang province was 19.8%, the rates of awareness, treatment and control among hypertensive were 37.13%, 29.61% and 10.15%, respectively [2, 3]. Since the survey in 2002, there were no large-scale surveys on hypertension in Zhejiang province, we hope to ascertain the current status of hypertension in this area [1, 4]
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