Abstract
Subclinical mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus has worldwide public health significance. Here, we aimed to determine the prevalence of S. aureus, antimicrobial resistance profiles, and the virulence and enterotoxins determinant genes of MRSA strains that caused subclinical bovine mastitis. Milk samples were collected from 120 lactating animals (50 buffaloes and 70 dairy cattle) from different farms located in Ismailia Province (Egypt). The collected samples were investigated for subclinical mastitis using a California mastitis test. The total prevalence of S. aureus was 35.9% (84/234) with 36.3% (53/146) in cattle and 31% (31/88) in buffaloes. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that 35.7% (30/84) of the isolated strains were resistant to cefoxitin, defined as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), with 37.7% (20/53) in cattle and 32.2% (10/31) in buffaloes. Using PCR, 100% of the tested strains harbored coa and mecA genes, while 86.6% were positive for spa gene, with remarkable gene size polymorphism. Additionally, 10% of the tested strains contained the pvl gene. Further, using multiplex PCR, 26.6% of the tested samples had sea gene, two strains had sec gene and only one strain had sea and sec genes. The seb and sed genes were absent in the tested strains. In conclusion, mecA, coa and spa virulence genes were widely distributed in MRSA strains isolated from bovine milk, whereas the sea gene was the most predominant enterotoxin gene. Notably, this is the first report that emphasizes the prevalence of pvl gene of MRSA isolated from bovine milk in Egypt.
Highlights
Staphylococcus aureus is a significant public health bacterial pathogen, causing mastitis in dairy animals including cattle, buffalo, sheep and goats [1]
In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of S. aureus in tested milk samples, and investigate the prevalence virulence determinant and enterotoxins genes of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolated from bovine species milk in Egypt
There was no significant differences between the prevalence of subclinical mastitis between buffaloes and cattle (p > 0.05)
Summary
Staphylococcus aureus is a significant public health bacterial pathogen, causing mastitis in dairy animals including cattle, buffalo, sheep and goats [1]. Pathogens 2020, 9, 362 culling of infected animals, and (5) high cost of treatment and control [2]. Resistance of S. aureus to several antimicrobials complicates the treatment of these pathogenic bacteria, which is considered an increasing challenge. In Egypt, there was high prevalence of resistance among S. aureus in bovine species to antimicrobial agents such as β-lactams, which are used to treat mastitis [4,5]. This high prevalence is caused by the uncontrolled widespread use of antibiotics
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