Abstract
Pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) consider the most common bacterial agent causes calf diarrhea, particularly in newborn calves. Therefore, this study highlights prevalence, serotyping, antibiogram pattern of E. coli recovered from diarrheic calves in Egypt. In addition to the investigation of six virulence encoding genes (iss, fimH, tsh, iutA, stx2 and eaeA) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). One hundred and twenty calves were examined for E. coli existence. A total of 16 (40%) E. coli strains were isolated from 40 diarrheic calves samples. Seven E. coli serotypes (O26, O157, O78, O125, O146, O44, and O18) were recovered, and O26 and O157 were the most common. The tested strains exhibit high susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and polymixin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, while a high resistance to streptomycin, gentamycin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, and neomycin was recorded. The iss and fimH genes were the most frequently identified virulence genes in all tested strains (100%), followed by eaeA (31.25%) and stx2 (6.25%), whereas tsh and iutA were not detected at all. Our findings emphasize the existence of multi-antimicrobial resistance strain as well as virulence genes, which is crucial for developing novel methods to control of colibacillosis in calves.
Highlights
Calf diarrhea represents a prevalent financial dilemma in the animal industry worldwide (Shahrani et al, 2014)
E. coli is considered a leading cause of some clinical syndrome, such as septicemia, diarrhea, pneumonia, meningitis, and panophthalmitis especially in newborn calves and death in complicated dehydrated cases (Shahrani et al, 2014). Based on their virulence factors, pathogenic E. coli strains can be divided into six types: (i) enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC); (ii) enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC); (iii) enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), known as shiga toxinproducing E. coli (STEC); (iv) enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC); (v) diffusely adherent E. coli (DAEC); and (vi) enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) (Kaper et al, 2004)
A number of probable virulence of E. coli strains are potential based on the presence of substantial factors, such as adheins, fimbriae, invasins, toxins, capsules, siderophores and hemolysins which play a critical role to avoid or suppress defenses and inflammatory response of the host (Bekal et al, 2003 and Croxen and Finlay, 2010) Among the ETEC and EPEC pathotypes, molecular analysis has revealed a considerable divergence in virulence genotypes (Beutin et al, 2005)
Summary
Pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) consider the most common bacterial agent causes calf diarrhea, in newborn calves. This study highlights prevalence, serotyping, antibiogram pattern of E. coli recovered from diarrheic calves in Egypt. In addition to the investigation of six virulence encoding genes (iss, fimH, tsh, iutA, stx and eaeA) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 16 (40%) E. coli strains were isolated from 40 diarrheic calves samples. Seven E. coli serotypes (O26, O157, O78, O125, O146, O44, and O18) were recovered, and O26 and O157 were the most common. The iss and fimH genes were the most frequently identified virulence genes in all tested strains (100%), followed by eaeA (31.25%) and stx (6.25%), whereas tsh and iutA were not detected at all. Our findings emphasize the existence of multi-antimicrobial resistance strain as well as virulence genes, which is crucial for developing novel methods to control of colibacillosis in calves
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