Prevalence and Trends in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus among Women in the United States, 2006–2016

Abstract

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common medical complication in pregnancy, carries adverse health outcomes for both mothers and offspring. However, national data on the prevalence and secular trends of GDM during the past 10 years in the U.S. is lacking. This study included 26,340 ever-pregnant women aged ≥ 18 years from the National Health Interview Survey in 20and 2016. We examined GDM prevalence in 20and 2016. The prevalence of GDM increased from 4.6% in 20to 8.2% in 2016 (P<0.001). non-Hispanic white women showed less increase in the prevalence (2.8%) than non-Hispanic black women (3.8%), Hispanic women (4.1%), and women with other race/ethnicity (8.4%). The prevalence of GDM in non-Hispanic white women was higher than in non-Hispanic black (P=0.01) and women with other race/ethnicity (P=0.01) in 2006; but similar with in non-Hispanic black and lower than in women with other race/ethnicity (p=0.02) in 2016. The prevalence of GDM in non-Hispanic white and Hispanic women was similar in 20and 2016. In addition, the increase of GDM was more evident among women who were overweight, had low income, aged between 45-64 years, and had insufficient physical activity. In conclusion, the prevalence of GDM increased by 3.6% from 20to 2016; and the rise was more marked among non-white, overweight, low income, age 45-64 years, and insufficient activity groups. Disclosure T. Zhou: None. D. Sun: None. X. Li: None. Y. Heianza: None. H. Nisa: None. G. Hu: None. X. Pei: None. X. Shang: None. L. Qi: None.