Abstract
Microbial marking for human fecal pollution with Enterococcus faecium relies on cultivation followed by the detection of the enterococcal surface protein gene (Efm-esp+). This study examined the prevalence of the populations carrying the gene among the enterococci populations cultured out of domestic wastewater. Through year-long monitoring at a wastewater treatment plant in Michigan, the proportion of Efm-esp+ in the enterococci population cultivated from sewage was 0.99%. A more sensitive detection method was developed for disinfected sewage and some impacted ambient waters by using larger membrane filters to increase the volume sampled, and preliminary application of the new protocol showed the presence of Efm-esp+ in the Grand River, where enterococcal concentrations were low. An Efm-esp+ strain isolated from wastewater in Michigan was very stable in phosphate buffer and river water at 4 and 25°C, suggesting that it can survive for months after being released into environmental waters. Among 44 sample...
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