Prevalence and Surgical Outcomes of Macular Hole in Eyes with Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Abstract

To report the prevalence and surgical outcomes of macular holes (MHs) in eyes with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Interventional, retrospective, consecutive case series. Patients with MH and concurrent non-neovascular (NNV) or neovascular (NV) AMD. The records of 27 912 patients diagnosed with AMD between 2009 and 2014 at Associated Retinal Consultants were reviewed. Demographic data, visual acuity (VA), funduscopic examination, and optical coherence tomography were reviewed in those with a concurrent diagnosis of MH. The VA and MH closure status. A total of 15 196 patients with NNV and 12 716 patients with NV AMD were identified. A total of 199 eyes (0.7%) had MHs (160 NNV [1.1%]; 39 NV [0.3%]). Mean time to diagnosis of MH after the initial visit was 11.2 months (7.1 NNV; 24.8 NV). A total of 127 eyes underwent surgical repair (106 NNV; 21 NV). The final closure rate in those who underwent vitrectomy was 89.8% (91.5% NNV; 81.0% NV) and 25.0% in those who were observed (18.5% NNV, P < 0.0001; 44.4% NV, P= 0.02). Preoperative logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution VAs in NNV and NV AMD was 0.8±0.4 and 0.8±0.5, respectively, and final VA was 0.6±0.5 (P < 0.001) and 0.9±0.6 (P=0.52), respectively. Mean follow-up time was 5.0 years. The prevalence of MH was higher in eyes with NNV AMD than in those with NV AMD. The surgical closure rate was comparable in both groups, but VA improvement reached statistical significance only in the NNV AMD group.