Abstract
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of violence among medical doctors in public sector hospitals of Karachi relating to physical violence, psychological violence (verbal and bullying/mobbing), sexual harassment and racial harassment).
 Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in three public sector hospitals in Karachi (JPMC, Civil Hospital and Sindh Government Lyari General Hospital Karachi). Medical doctors of any age and gender who worked in outpatient departments, wards, and emergency departments were eligible to participate in the study. A validated WHO-designed questionnaire was used, with questions about exposure to violence, the source and types of violence, and socio-demographic information. In descriptive statistics, frequencies and percentages were reported for all categorical variables. The Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to investigate the relationship between workplace violence and other types of violence.
 Results: 350 questionnaires were distributed to qualified medical doctors in total. Only 300 of them responded, for an 85.7 percent response rate. The majority of respondents were under the age of 40, and male gender was slightly more exposed to violence. The majority of the doctors were subjected to verbal abuse as well as bullying and mobbing. 
 Conclusion: It was then concluded that any type of violence was common in doctors aged >35 years and male gender was more exposed to any violence as compare to female gander. The main type of violence was verbal violence in our study, whereas racial harassment and sexual harassment was also seen.
Highlights
Medical doctors of any age and gender who worked in outpatient departments, wards, and emergency departments were eligible to participate in the study
Workplace violence (WPV) among healthcare professionals has been indicated as a public health threat throughout the world, with a greater prevalence in developing countries where the quality of healthcare and service is deplorable [1]
The current study looked into the prevalence of violence against medical doctors in Karachi's public hospitals
Summary
Workplace violence (WPV) among healthcare professionals has been indicated as a public health threat throughout the world, with a greater prevalence in developing countries where the quality of healthcare and service is deplorable [1]. With the passage of time, this has become a growing source of concern, drawing the attention of different sectors, including the government and employers. This is because violence has a negative impact on an individual and his or her family, but it can have a deleterious impact on an organization affecting teamwork and employee morale [6,7].
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