Prevalence and Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Snoring in Infants with Pierre Robin Sequence

Abstract

To evaluate the prevalence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea in infants with Pierre Robin sequence prior to airway intervention and determine whether snoring correlates with the presence of obstructive sleep apnea in this population. Retrospective case series. Urban tertiary care teaching hospital. Review of infants with Pierre Robin sequence who underwent polysomnography in the first year of life from 2002 to 2007. Only results from the initial polysomnography were analyzed. A subgroup of consecutive prospectively tested patients was also evaluated. A total of 33 infants with Pierre Robin sequence were identified. Of these, 13 (39%), 11 girls and two boys, underwent polysomnography in the first year of life. The mean age at evaluation was 48 days (range, 7 to 214 days). Seven nonconsecutive and six consecutive patients were included, and no significant differences were seen between groups. Obstructive sleep apnea was identified in 11 of 13 (85%) infants. The mean obstructive apnea-hypopnea index was 33.5 (range, 0 to 85.7). Obstructive sleep apnea severity was mild in 2 of 11 (18%), moderate in 3 of 11 (27%), and severe in 6 of 11 (55%). Mean end-tidal Pco(2) measurements were elevated at 59 mm Hg (range, 47 to 76 mm Hg). Mean oxygen saturation nadir was decreased at 80% (range, 68% to 93%). Snoring occurred in only 7 of 13 (54%). Of the subjects with obstructive sleep apnea, snoring occurred in 6 of 11 (55%). The high incidence of obstructive sleep apnea in this group suggests that polysomnography should be promptly performed in children with Pierre Robin sequence. Although snoring was seen in the majority, the absence of snoring did not exclude the presence of obstructive sleep apnea.